Intangirirogukurura

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rituma amazi ashyuha, ibikoresho by’amazi ashyuha byagize uruhare runini mu nzego nyinshi nko mu bukungu bw’igihugu, mu ngabo z’igihugu no mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Gukoresha amazi ashyuha bishingiye ku kubika no gutwara neza ibikoresho by’amazi ashyuha, kandi kohereza amazi ashyuha mu miyoboro binyura mu nzira yose yo kubika no gutwara. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwemeza umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’imiyoboro y’amazi ashyuha. Kugira ngo amazi ashyuha mu miyoboro, ni ngombwa gusimbuza gazi mu muyoboro mbere yo kuyitwara, bitabaye ibyo bishobora gutuma imikorere inanirwa. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha mbere y’uko ikoreshwa ni isano ritazibagirana mu nzira yo gutwara ibintu by’amazi ashyuha. Ubu buryo buzazana igitutu gikomeye n’izindi ngaruka mbi ku muyoboro. Byongeye kandi, ikintu cya geyser mu muyoboro uhagaze n’ikibazo kidahindagurika cy’imikorere ya sisitemu, nko kuzuza imiyoboro idafunguye, kuzuza amazi nyuma y’igihe runaka no kuzuza icyumba cy’umwuka nyuma yo gufungura valve, bizazana ingaruka mbi zitandukanye ku bikoresho n’imiyoboro. Kubera ibi, iyi nyandiko ikora isesengura ryimbitse ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, kandi yizeye kubona igisubizo binyuze mu isesengura.

Gushyira gazi mu murongo mbere yo kohereza

Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rituma amazi ashyuha, ibikoresho by’amazi ashyuha byagize uruhare runini mu nzego nyinshi nko mu bukungu bw’igihugu, mu ngabo z’igihugu no mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Gukoresha amazi ashyuha bishingiye ku kubika no gutwara neza ibikoresho by’amazi ashyuha, kandi kohereza amazi ashyuha mu miyoboro binyura mu nzira yose yo kubika no gutwara. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwemeza umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’imiyoboro y’amazi ashyuha. Kugira ngo amazi ashyuha mu miyoboro, ni ngombwa gusimbuza gazi mu muyoboro mbere yo kuyitwara, bitabaye ibyo bishobora gutuma imikorere inanirwa. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha mbere y’uko ikoreshwa ni isano ritazibagirana mu nzira yo gutwara ibintu by’amazi ashyuha. Ubu buryo buzazana igitutu gikomeye n’izindi ngaruka mbi ku muyoboro. Byongeye kandi, ikintu cya geyser mu muyoboro uhagaze n’ikibazo kidahindagurika cy’imikorere ya sisitemu, nko kuzuza imiyoboro idafunguye, kuzuza amazi nyuma y’igihe runaka no kuzuza icyumba cy’umwuka nyuma yo gufungura valve, bizazana ingaruka mbi zitandukanye ku bikoresho n’imiyoboro. Kubera ibi, iyi nyandiko ikora isesengura ryimbitse ku bibazo byavuzwe haruguru, kandi yizeye kubona igisubizo binyuze mu isesengura.

Uburyo bwo gukonjesha umuyoboro mbere y'uko utangira

Mu gikorwa cyose cyo kohereza imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye, mbere yo gushyiraho uburyo bwo kohereza buhamye, hazabaho uburyo bwo kongerera imiyoboro amazi ashyushye n'ibikoresho byo kwakira, ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kongerera imiyoboro amazi ashyushye. Muri iki gikorwa, imiyoboro n'ibikoresho byo kwakira amazi bihangana n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi n'igitutu cy'ingaruka, bityo bigomba kugenzurwa.

Reka dutangire n'isesengura ry'inzira.

Uburyo bwose bwo gukonjesha butangirana n'uburyo bwo gushyushya cyane, hanyuma hakagaragara inzira ebyiri. Amaherezo, inzira imwe iragaragara nyuma yuko sisitemu ikonje neza. Mu ntangiriro y'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, ubushyuhe bw'urukuta bugaragara ko burenze ubushyuhe bw'amazi ashyushye, ndetse bunarenze ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw'amazi ashyushye - ubushyuhe bukabije cyane. Bitewe no kwimura ubushyuhe, amazi yegereye urukuta rw'umuyoboro arashyuha agahita ahinduka umwuka kugira ngo habeho icyuma cy'umwuka, kizenguruka urukuta rw'umuyoboro, ni ukuvuga ko habaye kubira kw'amafi. Nyuma y'ibyo, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro bugenda bugabanuka munsi y'ubushyuhe bukabije, hanyuma ibintu byiza byo kubira no kubira kw'amafi birahinduka. Ihindagurika rikomeye ry'umuvuduko ribaho muri iki gikorwa. Iyo gukonjesha bikozwe kugeza ku ntera runaka, ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro n'ubwinjira bw'ubushyuhe mu bidukikije ntibizashyushya amazi ashyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe buhagije, kandi imiterere y'amazi ashyushye mu cyiciro kimwe izagaragara.

Mu gihe cyo guhumeka cyane, hazavuka umuvuduko ukabije n'ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko. Mu gihe cyose cyo guhinduka kw'umuvuduko, umuvuduko ntarengwa wakozwe bwa mbere nyuma y'uko amazi ashyushye yinjira mu muyoboro ushyushye ni bwo buryo ntarengwa bwo hejuru mu gihe cyose cyo guhinduka kw'umuvuduko, kandi umuvuduko w'umuvuduko ushobora kugenzura ubushobozi bw'umuvuduko w'iyi sisitemu. Kubwibyo, umuvuduko wa mbere w'umuvuduko ni wo wigwa muri rusange.

Nyuma y’uko valve ifunguwe, amazi ashyushye yinjira vuba mu muyoboro w’amazi ashyushye bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko, kandi firime y’umwuka ikorwa n’umwuka ushyushye itandukanya amazi n’urukuta rw’umuyoboro, igakora umurongo ugororotse. Kubera ko ingano y’umwuka ushyushye ari nto cyane, bityo umuvuduko w’amazi ashyushye ni munini cyane, uko iterambere rigenda, ubushyuhe bw’amazi buterwa no kwinjiza ubushyuhe kandi bukiyongera buhoro buhoro, bityo, umuvuduko w’umuyoboro uriyongera, umuvuduko w’umuyoboro uragabanuka. Iyo umuyoboro uri muremure bihagije, ubushyuhe bw’amazi bugomba kugera ku rugero runaka, aho amazi ahagarara. Ubushyuhe buva ku rukuta rw’umuyoboro bujya mu mazi ashyushye bukoreshwa mu guhumeka, muri iki gihe umuvuduko w’umwuka ushyushye uba wiyongera cyane, umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro nawo uriyongera, ushobora kugera ku nshuro 1.5 ~ 2 z’umuvuduko w’umuyoboro. Mu gihe cy’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko, igice cy’amazi kizasubizwa mu kigega cyo kubika amazi cryogenic, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gukora umwuka uba muto, kandi kubera ko igice cy’umwuka uva mu muyoboro usohoka, umuvuduko w’umuyoboro ugabanuka, nyuma y’igihe runaka, umuyoboro uzongera gushyira amazi mu mimerere y’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko, ibintu bizongera kugaragara, bityo bikongera kugaragara. Ariko, mu nzira ikurikira, kubera ko hari umuvuduko runaka n’igice cy’amazi mu muyoboro, ukwiyongera k’umuvuduko guterwa n’amazi mashya ni guto, bityo umuvuduko uzaba muto ugereranije n’umuvuduko wa mbere.

Mu gihe cyose cyo gukonjesha, sisitemu ntabwo igomba kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku muvuduko w'amazi gusa, ahubwo igomba no kwihanganira stress ikomeye iterwa n'ubukonje. Ibikorwa byombi hamwe bishobora kwangiza imiterere y'isi, bityo hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo iyigenzure.

Kubera ko umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha ugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gikorwa cyo gukonjesha mbere yo gukonjesha no ku bunini bw'umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha, igikorwa cyo gukonjesha mbere yo gukonjesha gishobora kugenzurwa hagenzurwa umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha. Ihame ryumvikana ryo guhitamo umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha ni ukugabanya igihe cyo gukonjesha hakoreshwa umuvuduko munini w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha hashingiwe ku kwemeza ko ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko n'umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha bitarenze urugero rwemewe rw'ibikoresho n'imiyoboro. Niba umuvuduko w'amazi mbere yo gukonjesha ari muto cyane, imikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'imiyoboro atari myiza ku muyoboro, ushobora kutazigera ugera ku rwego rwo gukonjesha.

Mu gihe cyo gukonjesha mbere y’uko amazi akonjesha, bitewe n’uko amazi agenda mu byiciro bibiri, ntibishoboka gupima umuvuduko nyawo w’amazi ukoresheje icyuma gipima ikirere gisanzwe, bityo ntigishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura umuvuduko w’amazi yo mu gihe cyo gukonjesha mbere y’uko amazi akonjesha. Ariko dushobora gupima mu buryo butaziguye ingano y’amazi agenda anyura mu kugenzura umuvuduko w’inyuma w’icyuma gikonjesha. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, isano iri hagati y’umuvuduko w’inyuma w’icyuma gikonjesha n’umuvuduko w’amazi mbere y’uko amazi akonjesha ishobora kugenwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusesengura. Iyo inzira yo gukonjesha igeze ku rugero rw’umuvuduko w’amazi mu cyiciro kimwe, umuvuduko nyawo upimwe n’icyuma gipima ikirere ushobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura umuvuduko w’amazi mbere y’uko amazi akonjesha. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu kugenzura kuzuza icyuma gipima amazi cya cryogenic liquid propellant kuri roketi.

Ihinduka ry'umuvuduko w'inyuma w'ubwato bwakira rihuye n'uburyo bwo gukonjesha bukurikira, bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma neza intambwe yo gukonjesha: iyo ubushobozi bwo gusohora umwuka bw'ubwato bwakira buhoraho, umuvuduko w'inyuma wiyongera vuba bitewe n'umwuka mwinshi w'amazi aturuka ku mazi ashyushye mbere na mbere, hanyuma ukagabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe n'igabanuka ry'ubushyuhe bw'ubwato bwakira n'umuyoboro. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha buriyongera.

Tugiye ku nkuru ikurikira kugira ngo tubone ibindi bibazo!

Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic

HL Cryogenic Equipment yashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gifitanye isano na HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yiyemeje gushushanya no gukora Sisitemu y’imiyoboro ya Cryogenic Issured Cryogenic Piping System hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano kugira ngo ihuze n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Umuyoboro wa Vcuum Insured na Flexible Hose byubatswe mu bikoresho byihariye bivamo umwuka mwinshi kandi bifite ecran nyinshi, kandi binyura mu buryo buhanitse cyane bwo kuvura no kuvura umwuka mwinshi, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y’amazi, azote y’amazi, argon y’amazi, hydrogen y’amazi, heliyumu y’amazi, gaze ya ethylene LEG y’amazi n’gaze y’umwimerere ya LNG y’amazi.

Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bya Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, na Phase Separator muri HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, byanyuze mu buryo bukomeye cyane bwo kuvura, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y'amazi, azote y'amazi, argon y'amazi, hydrogen y'amazi, heliyumu y'amazi, LEG na LNG, kandi ibi bicuruzwa bikorerwa ibikoresho bya cryogenic (urugero: ibigega bya cryogenic, dewars na coldboxes nibindi) mu nganda zo gutandukanya ikirere, imyuka, indege, ikoranabuhanga, superconductor, chips, automation assembling, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, farumasi, ibitaro, biobank, rubber, gukora ibikoresho bishya bya chemical engineering, icyuma n'icyuma, n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.