Introduction

Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya kirogenike, ibicuruzwa biva mumazi byagize uruhare runini mubice byinshi nkubukungu bwigihugu, ingabo zigihugu ndetse nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Ikoreshwa ryamazi ya kirogenike ashingiye kububiko bwiza kandi bwiza bwo gutwara no gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi, kandi imiyoboro yohereza amazi ya kirogène ikora muburyo bwose bwo kubika no gutwara. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane kurinda umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya kirogenike. Kugirango ikwirakwizwa ryamazi ya kirogenike, birakenewe gusimbuza gaze mumuyoboro mbere yo kohereza, bitabaye ibyo birashobora gutera kunanirwa mubikorwa. Igikorwa cya precooling ni ihuriro byanze bikunze mugikorwa cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Iyi nzira izazana igitutu gikomeye nizindi ngaruka mbi kumuyoboro. Byongeye kandi, geyser phenomenon mumuyoboro uhagaze hamwe nikintu kidahinduka cyimikorere ya sisitemu, nko kuzuza imiyoboro y'amashami ahumye, kuzuza nyuma yo gutwarwa hagati no kuzuza icyumba cyo mu kirere nyuma yo gufungura valve, bizazana impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zingaruka mbi kubikoresho no kumuyoboro. Urebye ibi, iyi mpapuro ikora isesengura ryimbitse kubibazo byavuzwe haruguru, kandi yizeye kuzabona igisubizo binyuze mu isesengura.

Gusimbuza gaze kumurongo mbere yo kohereza

Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya kirogenike, ibicuruzwa biva mumazi byagize uruhare runini mubice byinshi nkubukungu bwigihugu, ingabo zigihugu ndetse nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Ikoreshwa ryamazi ya kirogenike ashingiye kububiko bwiza kandi bwiza bwo gutwara no gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mazi, kandi imiyoboro yohereza amazi ya kirogène ikora muburyo bwose bwo kubika no gutwara. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane kurinda umutekano nuburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya kirogenike. Kugirango ikwirakwizwa ryamazi ya kirogenike, birakenewe gusimbuza gaze mumuyoboro mbere yo kohereza, bitabaye ibyo birashobora gutera kunanirwa mubikorwa. Igikorwa cya precooling ni ihuriro byanze bikunze mugikorwa cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Iyi nzira izazana igitutu gikomeye nizindi ngaruka mbi kumuyoboro. Byongeye kandi, geyser phenomenon mumuyoboro uhagaze hamwe nikintu kidahinduka cyimikorere ya sisitemu, nko kuzuza imiyoboro y'amashami ahumye, kuzuza nyuma yo gutwarwa hagati no kuzuza icyumba cyo mu kirere nyuma yo gufungura valve, bizazana impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zingaruka mbi kubikoresho no kumuyoboro. Urebye ibi, iyi mpapuro ikora isesengura ryimbitse kubibazo byavuzwe haruguru, kandi yizeye kuzabona igisubizo binyuze mu isesengura.

Inzira ibanziriza umuyoboro

Mubikorwa byose byo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya kirogenike, mbere yo gushyiraho leta ihamye ihamye, hazabaho uburyo bwo gukonjesha mbere yo gukonjesha no gushyuha no kwakira ibikoresho, ni ukuvuga inzira yo gukonjesha. Muri ubu buryo, umuyoboro n'ibikoresho byakira kugirango uhangane n'imihangayiko igabanuka ndetse n'umuvuduko w'ingaruka, bityo bigomba kugenzurwa.

Reka duhere ku isesengura ryibikorwa.

Inzira zose zibanza zitangirana nuburyo bwo guhumeka bikabije, hanyuma bikagaragara ibyiciro bibiri. Hanyuma, icyiciro kimwe kigaragara nyuma ya sisitemu imaze gukonja rwose. Mu ntangiriro yimikorere ya precooling, ubushyuhe bwurukuta biragaragara ko burenze ubushyuhe bwuzuye bwamazi ya kirogenike, ndetse bukarenga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi ya kirogenike - ubushyuhe bukabije. Bitewe no guhererekanya ubushyuhe, amazi yegereye urukuta rwa tube arashyuha kandi ako kanya akabyuka kugirango akore firime yumuyaga, izengurutse rwose urukuta rwumuyoboro, ni ukuvuga guteka kwa firime. Nyuma yibyo, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubanziriza ubukonje, ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwigituba buhoro buhoro bugabanuka munsi yubushyuhe bukabije bwubushyuhe bukabije, hanyuma hakabaho uburyo bwiza bwo guteka no guteka. Imihindagurikire nini yumuvuduko ibaho muriki gikorwa. Iyo precooling ikozwe murwego runaka, ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwumuyoboro hamwe nubushuhe bwibidukikije ntibizashyushya amazi ya kirogenike kubushyuhe bwuzuye, kandi imiterere yimyanya imwe izagaragara.

Muburyo bwo guhumeka cyane, umuvuduko udasanzwe hamwe nihindagurika ryumuvuduko. Muburyo bwose bwimihindagurikire yumuvuduko, umuvuduko ntarengwa wakozwe bwa mbere nyuma y’amazi ya kirogenike yinjiye mu muyoboro ushyushye ni amplitude ntarengwa mu nzira yose y’imihindagurikire y’umuvuduko, kandi umuvuduko w’umuvuduko urashobora kugenzura ubushobozi bwumuvuduko wa sisitemu. Kubwibyo, gusa igitutu cya mbere cyumuvuduko murirusange.

Umuyoboro umaze gukingurwa, amazi ya kirogenike yinjira mu muyoboro byihuse bitewe n’itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko, kandi firime ya pompe iterwa no guhumeka itandukanya amazi nu rukuta rwumuyoboro, ikora urujya n'uruza rwinshi. Kuberako coefficente yo kurwanya imyuka ari nto cyane, bityo umuvuduko wogutemba wamazi ya cryogenic nini cyane, hamwe niterambere ryimbere, ubushyuhe bwamazi bitewe no kwinjiza ubushyuhe kandi bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kubwibyo, umuvuduko wumuyoboro wiyongera, umuvuduko wuzuye uratinda. Niba umuyoboro ari muremure bihagije, ubushyuhe bwamazi bugomba kugera kubwuzuye mugihe runaka, icyo gihe amazi ahagarara gutera imbere. Ubushyuhe buva ku rukuta rw'umuyoboro bwinjira mu mazi ya kirogenike byose bikoreshwa mu guhumeka, muri iki gihe umuvuduko wo guhumeka uriyongera cyane, umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro nawo uriyongera, ushobora kugera ku nshuro 1. 5 ~ 2 z'umuvuduko winjira. Mugikorwa cyitandukaniro ryumuvuduko, igice cyamazi kizasubizwa mumatara yabitswe ya cryogenic, bikavamo umuvuduko wo kubyara imyuka iba ntoya, kandi kubera ko igice cyumuyaga kiva mumyanda isohoka, imiyoboro yumuvuduko ukabije, nyuma yigihe runaka, umuyoboro uzongera gushiraho amazi mumiterere itandukanye yumuvuduko, ibintu bizongera kugaragara, bityo bisubirwemo. Nyamara, muburyo bukurikira, kubera ko hari umuyoboro runaka nigice cyamazi mumazi, kwiyongera k'umuvuduko uterwa n'amazi mashya ni bito, bityo impagarike yumuvuduko izaba ntoya kuruta impinga ya mbere.

Muburyo bwose bwo gukonjesha, sisitemu ntigomba gusa kugira ingaruka nini yumuvuduko mwinshi, ariko igomba no kwihanganira imihangayiko nini yo kugabanuka kubera ubukonje. Igikorwa cyahujwe byombi gishobora guteza ibyangiritse kuri sisitemu, bityo hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikenewe zo kugenzura.

Kubera ko umuvuduko wa precooling ugira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye hamwe nubunini bwikibazo cyo kugabanuka gukonje, inzira ya precooling irashobora kugenzurwa no kugenzura umuvuduko wa precooling. Ihame ryo guhitamo ryumvikana ryikigereranyo cyo gutembera ni ukugabanya igihe cyogukoresha hakoreshejwe igipimo kinini cyo gutembera kwa precooling hashingiwe ku kureba niba ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ubukonje bitarenze urugero rw’ibikoresho byemewe n’imiyoboro. Niba igipimo cyo gukonjesha mbere yo gukonja ari gito cyane, imikorere yo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ntabwo ari nziza kumuyoboro, ntishobora na rimwe kugera kuri leta ikonje.

Muburyo bwo kubanziriza ubukonje, kubera ko habayeho ibyiciro bibiri, ntibishoboka gupima igipimo nyacyo cyo gutembera hamwe na flometer isanzwe, ntabwo rero ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora igenzura ryikigereranyo cya precooling. Ariko turashobora kumenya mu buryo butaziguye ingano yimigezi dukurikirana umuvuduko winyuma wubwato bwakira. Mubihe bimwe na bimwe, isano iri hagati yumuvuduko winyuma wubwato bwakira hamwe nogutemba mbere yo gukonja birashobora kugenwa nuburyo bwo gusesengura. Iyo inzira yo kubanziriza gutera imbere igana kumurongo umwe wicyiciro, imigezi nyayo yapimwe na fluxmeter irashobora gukoreshwa muguyobora kugenzura imigezi ibanziriza. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kenshi mugucunga kuzuza ibintu bya kirogenike byamazi ya roketi.

Guhindura umuvuduko winyuma wubwato bwakiriye bihuye nuburyo bwo kubanziriza gutya, bushobora gukoreshwa mugucira urubanza rwujuje ubuziranenge icyiciro: mugihe ubushobozi bwumuriro wubwato bwakiriye buhoraho, umuvuduko winyuma uziyongera byihuse bitewe nubushyuhe bukabije bwamazi ya kirogenike yabanje, hanyuma bikagenda bigabanuka buhoro buhoro hamwe no kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwubwato bwakiriwe numuyoboro. Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwa precooling bwiyongera.

Hindura ingingo ikurikira kubindi bibazo！

HL Ibikoresho bya Cryogenic

Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gishamikiye kuri HL Cryogenic ibikoresho bya sosiyete Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byiyemeje gushushanya no gukora sisitemu yo hejuru ya Vacuum Yanduye ya Cryogenic Piping hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano nayo kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabakiriya. Umuyoboro wa Vacuum hamwe na Flexible Hose wubatswe mu cyuho kinini kandi gifite ibice byinshi byerekana amashusho yihariye yihariye, kandi unyura mu ruhererekane rw’ubuvuzi bukomeye kandi buvurwa cyane, bukoreshwa mu guhererekanya umwuka wa ogisijeni w’amazi, azote yuzuye, argon y’amazi, hydrogène y’amazi, gazi ya litiro ya LEG hamwe na gaze ya LNG.

Ibicuruzwa bikurikirana bya Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, na Phase Separator muri Sosiyete ya HL Cryogenic ibikoresho, byanyuze mu buvuzi bukomeye bwa tekiniki, bikoreshwa mu guhererekanya umwuka wa ogisijeni w’amazi, azote, amazi ya argon, amazi ya hydrogène, LEG na LNG, kandi ibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa na deux de lisansi, hamwe n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu bwenge bwa kirisitike, yo gutandukanya ikirere, gaze, indege, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, superconductor, chips, guteranya ibyuma, ibiryo & ibinyobwa, farumasi, ibitaro, biobank, rubber, ibikoresho bishya bikora inganda zikora imiti, ibyuma & ibyuma, nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.