Helium ni ibintu bya shimi bifite ikimenyetso He na atome nimero 2.Ni gaze idasanzwe yo mu kirere, idafite ibara, uburyohe, uburyohe, idafite uburozi, idacanwa, gusa ibishonga gato mumazi. Helium yibanze mu kirere ni 5.24 x 10-4 ku ijanisha ryijwi. Ifite ingingo ntoya yo guteka no gushonga yibintu byose, kandi ibaho nka gaze gusa, usibye mubihe bikonje cyane.

Helium itwarwa cyane nka helium ya gaze cyangwa yamazi kandi ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya nucleaire, semiconductor, laseri, amatara yaka, superconductivity, ibikoresho, semiconductor na fibre optique, cryogenic, MRI na R&D ubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire.

Ubushyuhe Buke Ubukonje Inkomoko

Helium ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bikonjesha bya cryogenic biva mu gukonjesha gukonjesha, nka magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), spekitroscopi ya magnetiki resonance (NMR), kwihuta kwinshi kwihuta, kwihuta kwa hadron, interferometero (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) no kubika ingufu za magnetiki zibika (SMES), amashanyarazi ya MHD, amashanyarazi arenga, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi bwa maglev, ubwinshi bwa sprometrometrike, imbaraga za magneti, gutandukanya imbaraga za magnetiki, gutandukanya buri mwaka imbaraga za magneti kubushakashatsi bwa fusion nubundi bushakashatsi bwa cryogenic. Helium ikonjesha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa kirogenike hamwe na magnesi hafi ya zeru rwose, icyo gihe imbaraga za superconductor zigabanuka kuri zeru. Kurwanya guke cyane kwa superconductor birema imbaraga za rukuruzi zikomeye. Kubijyanye nibikoresho bya MRI bikoreshwa mubitaro, imbaraga za magneti zikomeye zitanga ibisobanuro birambuye mumashusho ya radiografiya.

Helium ikoreshwa nka coolant super kubera ko helium ifite ingingo zo hasi zo gushonga no guteka, ntizikomera kumuvuduko wikirere na 0 K, kandi helium iba idafite imiti, kuburyo bidashoboka kubyitwaramo nibindi bintu. Mubyongeyeho, helium iba superfluid munsi ya 2.2 Kelvin. Kugeza ubu, ultra-mobile idasanzwe ntabwo yakoreshejwe mubikorwa byose byinganda. Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 17 Kelvin, nta cyasimburwa na helium nka firigo mu isoko ya cryogenic.

Indege hamwe n’ibyogajuru

Helium ikoreshwa kandi muri ballon no mu kirere. Kuberako helium yoroshye kuruta ikirere, indege hamwe na ballon byuzuye helium. Helium ifite ibyiza byo kuba idacanwa, nubwo hydrogène iba myinshi kandi ifite umuvuduko muke wo kuva muri membrane. Ubundi buryo bwa kabiri bukoreshwa ni mubuhanga bwa roketi, aho helium ikoreshwa nkigihombo cyo kwimura lisansi na okiside mu bigega byabitswe hamwe na hydrogène na ogisijeni mu gukora lisansi ya roketi. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugukuraho lisansi na okiside mubikoresho bifasha ubutaka mbere yo kohereza, kandi bishobora kubanza gukonjesha hydrogène y'amazi mu cyogajuru. Muri roketi ya Saturn V yakoreshejwe muri gahunda ya Apollo, hakenewe metero kibe 370.000 (metero kibe miliyoni 13) za helium.

Isesengura ry'umuyoboro wo gutahura no gusesengura

Ubundi gukoresha inganda za helium ni ukumenya. Kumenyekanisha kumeneka bikoreshwa mugutahura imyanda muri sisitemu irimo amazi na gaze. Kubera ko helium ikwirakwira cyane mu kirere inshuro eshatu kurusha umwuka, ikoreshwa nka gaze ya tracer kugirango imenye imyanda mu bikoresho bya vacuum nyinshi (nka tanki ya kirogenike) hamwe n’amato afite umuvuduko ukabije. Ikintu gishyirwa mucyumba, hanyuma kigahita cyimurwa kandi cyuzuye helium. Ndetse no ku gipimo cyo kumeneka kiri munsi ya 10-9 mbar • L / s (10-10 Pa • m3 / s), helium ihunga ikanyerera irashobora kugaragazwa nigikoresho cyoroshye (helium mass spectrometer). Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe bwikora kandi bwitwa ikizamini cya helium. Ubundi buryo bworoshye, nukuzuza ikintu kivugwa na helium hanyuma ugashakisha intoki gushakisha ukoresheje ibikoresho byabigenewe.

Helium ikoreshwa mugutahura ibibyimba kuko niyo molekile ntoya kandi ni molekile ya monatomic, bityo helium itemba byoroshye. Gazi ya Helium yujujwe muri kiriya kintu mugihe cyo gutahura, kandi iyo habaye kumeneka, helium mass spectrometer izashobora kumenya aho yamenetse. Helium irashobora gukoreshwa mugutahura ibisasu bya roketi, ibigega bya lisansi, guhanahana ubushyuhe, imirongo ya gaze, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imiyoboro ya TELEVISION nibindi bikoresho byo gukora. Kumenya kumeneka ukoresheje helium byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mugihe cyumushinga wa Manhattan kugirango hamenyekane imyanda ku bimera bikungahaye kuri uranium. Helium yamenetse irashobora gusimburwa na hydrogen, azote, cyangwa uruvange rwa hydrogène na azote.

Gukora no gusudira

Gazi ya Helium ikoreshwa nka gaze irinda gusudira arc na plasma arc gusudira kubera ingufu zayo zishobora kuba ionisiyoneri kurusha izindi atome. Gazi ya Helium ikikije isuderi irinda icyuma okiside mumashanyarazi. Imbaraga nyinshi za ionisiyoneri ya helium ituma plasma arc gusudira ibyuma bidasa bikoreshwa mubwubatsi, kubaka ubwato, no mu kirere, nka titanium, zirconium, magnesium, na aluminiyumu. Nubwo helium iri muri gaze ikingira ishobora gusimburwa na argon cyangwa hydrogen, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe (nka titanium helium) ntibishobora gusimburwa no gusudira plasma arc. Kuberako helium niyo gaze yonyine ifite umutekano mubushyuhe bwinshi.

Kimwe mu bice bikora cyane byiterambere ni gusudira ibyuma. Helium ni gaze ya inert, bivuze ko idakora reaction iyo ari yo yose iyo ihuye nibindi bintu. Ibi biranga ni ngombwa cyane cyane mu gusudira imyuka irinda.

Helium nayo ikora ubushyuhe neza. Niyo mpanvu ikoreshwa cyane muri weld aho hasabwa ubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango hongerwe ubushuhe bwa weld. Helium nayo ni ingirakamaro mu kwihuta.

Ubusanzwe Helium ivangwa na argon muburyo butandukanye mukuvanga gazi ikingira kugirango yungukire byuzuye kumiterere myiza ya gaze zombi. Helium, kurugero, ikora nka gaz ikingira kugirango ifashe gutanga uburyo bwagutse kandi buto bwo kwinjira mugihe cyo gusudira. Ariko helium ntabwo itanga isuku argon ikora.

Nkigisubizo, abakora ibyuma bakunze gutekereza kuvanga argon na helium nkibikorwa byabo. Kuri gaze ikingira icyuma arc gusudira, helium irashobora kuba igizwe na 25% kugeza 75% byimvange ya gaze mvange ya helium / argon. Muguhindura ibice bivangwa na gaze ikingira, gusudira birashobora guhindura ubushyuhe bwikwirakwizwa rya weld, ibyo nabyo bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yigice cyambukiranya icyuma gisudira n'umuvuduko wo gusudira.

Inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi

Nka gaze ya inert, helium irahagaze neza kuburyo idashobora kubyitwaramo nibindi bintu byose. Uyu mutungo utuma ikoreshwa nkingabo mu gusudira arc (kugirango wirinde kwanduza umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere). Helium ifite kandi izindi progaramu zikomeye, nka semiconductor hamwe nogukora fibre optique. Byongeye kandi, irashobora gusimbuza azote mukwibira cyane kugirango ikumire ibibyimba bya azote mu maraso, bityo birinde uburwayi bwo kwibira.

Umubare w'igurisha rya Helium ku isi (2016-2027)

Isoko rya helium ku isi ryatugejeje kuri miliyoni 1825.37 z'amadolari muri 2020 bikaba biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 2742.04 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2027, hamwe n’iterambere ry’umwaka (CAGR) rya 5.65% (2021-2027). Inganda zifite ukutamenya gukomeye mumyaka iri imbere. Amakuru ateganijwe muri 2021-2027 muriyi nyandiko ashingiye ku iterambere ry’amateka mu myaka mike ishize, ibitekerezo by’inzobere mu nganda n’ibitekerezo by’abasesenguzi muri iyi nyandiko.

Inganda za helium zibanda cyane, zikomoka ku mutungo kamere, kandi zifite inganda nke ku isi, cyane cyane muri Amerika, Uburusiya, Qatar na Alijeriya. Kwisi, urwego rwabaguzi rwibanze muri Amerika, Ubushinwa, n'Uburayi nibindi. Amerika ifite amateka maremare n'umwanya utajegajega mu nganda.

Ibigo byinshi bifite inganda nyinshi, ariko mubisanzwe ntabwo byegeranye nisoko ryabaguzi. Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bifite igiciro kinini cyo gutwara.

Kuva mu myaka itanu yambere, umusaruro wiyongereye buhoro. Helium nisoko yingufu zidasubirwaho, kandi politiki zirahari mubihugu bitanga umusaruro kugirango ikomeze gukoreshwa. Bamwe bavuga ko helium izashira mugihe kizaza.

Inganda zifite umubare munini w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibihugu hafi ya byose bikoresha helium, ariko bike muri byo bifite ububiko bwa helium.

Helium ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha kandi izaboneka mubice byinshi kandi byinshi. Bitewe n'ubuke bw'umutungo kamere, icyifuzo cya helium gishobora kwiyongera mugihe kizaza, bisaba ubundi buryo bukwiye. Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya Helium bizakomeza kuzamuka kuva 2021 kugeza 2026, kuva $ 13.53 / m3 (2020) bikagera kuri $ 19.09 / m3 (2027).

Inganda zibasiwe nubukungu na politiki. Mu gihe ubukungu bw’isi bumaze gukira, abantu benshi bagenda bahangayikishwa no kuzamura ibipimo by’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu turere tudatera imbere n’abaturage benshi ndetse n’iterambere ry’ubukungu ryihuse, icyifuzo cya helium kiziyongera.

Kugeza ubu, inganda zikomeye ku isi zirimo Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) na Gazprom (Ru), n'ibindi. Muri 2020, umugabane w’igurisha ry’abakora Top 6 uzarenga 74%. Biteganijwe ko amarushanwa mu nganda azarushaho gukomera mu myaka mike iri imbere.

HL Ibikoresho bya Cryogenic

Bitewe n'ubuke bw'umutungo wa helium n'amazi uzamuka, ni ngombwa kugabanya igihombo no kugarura helium y'amazi mu kuyikoresha no kuyitwara.

Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gishamikiye kuri HL Cryogenic ibikoresho bya sosiyete Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byiyemeje gushushanya no gukora sisitemu yo hejuru ya Vacuum Yanduye ya Cryogenic Piping hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano nayo kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabakiriya. Umuyoboro wa Vacuum hamwe na Flexible Hose wubatswe mu cyuho kinini kandi gifite ibice byinshi byerekana amashusho yihariye yihariye, kandi unyura mu ruhererekane rw’ubuvuzi bukomeye kandi buvura vacuum, bukoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y’amazi, azote yuzuye. , amazi ya argon, hydrogène yamazi, helium yamazi, gaze ya Ethylene ya LEG hamwe na gaze ya kamere ya LNG.

Ibicuruzwa bikurikirana bya Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, na Phase Separator muri Sosiyete ya HL Cryogenic ibikoresho, byanyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura tekinike, bikoreshwa muguhana ogisijeni y'amazi, azote yuzuye, argon y'amazi, hydrogène y'amazi, helium y'amazi, LEG na LNG, kandi ibyo bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya kirogenike (urugero: tanki ya cryogenic, dewars na bokisi ikonje nibindi) mubikorwa byo gutandukanya ikirere, gaze, indege, electronike, superconductor, chip, guteranya ibyuma, ibiryo & ibinyobwa, farumasi, ibitaro, biobank, reberi, ibikoresho bishya bikora inganda zikora imiti, ibyuma & ibyuma, nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.

Isosiyete ikora ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic yabaye isoko ryujuje ibyangombwa / itanga ibicuruzwa bya Linde, Air Liquide, Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, na Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) nibindi.