Heliyumu ni ikintu cya shimi gifite ikimenyetso cya He n'umubare wa atome wa 2. Ni umwuka udasanzwe wo mu kirere, nta ibara, nta buryohe, nta buryohe, nta burozi, ntushobora gushya, ushonga gato mu mazi. Igipimo cya Heliyumu mu kirere ni 5.24 x 10-4 ukurikije ingano y'ingano. Ifite aho ishyuha cyangwa ishonga nkeya kurusha ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi ibaho gusa nk'umwuka, keretse mu bihe by'ubukonje bukabije.

Heliyumu itwarwa cyane cyane nk'umwuka cyangwa heliyumu y'amazi kandi ikoreshwa mu byuma bitanga ingufu za kirimbuzi, semiconductors, lasers, amatara, superconductivity, instruments, semiconductors na fiber optics, cryogenics, MRI na Research & D research.

Isoko y'ubukonje buri hasi

Heliyumu ikoreshwa nk'icyuma gikonjesha cryogenic mu gukonjesha cryogenic, nko gupima magnetic resonance (MRI), spectroscopy ya magnetic resonance nuclear (NMR), superconducting quantum particle accelerator, large hadron collider, interferometer (SQUID), electron spin resonance (ESR) na superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), moteri za MHD superconducting, superconducting sensor, power transmission, maglev transport, mass spectrometer, superconducting magnet, strong magnetic field separators, annular field superconducting magnets for fusion reactors n'ubundi bushakashatsi bujyanye na cryogenic. Heliyumu ikonjesha ibikoresho na magnets bya cryogenic superconducting cryogenic kugeza hafi ya zeru rwose, aho resistance ya superconductor igabanuka igana kuri zeru. Ubudahangarwa buke cyane bwa superconductor butuma magnetic field ikomeye cyane. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bya MRI bikoreshwa mu bitaro, imbaraga zikomeye za magnetic zitanga ibisobanuro birambuye mu mashusho ya radiographic.

Heliyumu ikoreshwa nk'ikintu gikonjesha cyane kuko heliyumu ifite aho ishongesha cyangwa ishyuha hasi cyane, ntikomera ku muvuduko w'ikirere na 0 K, kandi heliyumu ntigira imiti, bigatuma bigorana kuyikoresha n'ibindi bintu. Byongeye kandi, heliyumu iba amazi menshi munsi ya 2.2 Kelvin. Kugeza ubu, ubwinshi bwayo bwo kugenda cyane ntibwigeze bukoreshwa mu nganda. Ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya 17 Kelvin, nta kindi gisimbura heliyumu nk'ikintu gikonjesha mu isoko y'amazi.

Ubumenyi bw'ikirere n'ubumenyi bw'ikirere

Heliyumu ikoreshwa kandi mu mabaluni n'indege. Kubera ko heliyumu yoroheje kurusha umwuka, amabaluni y'indege n'amabaluni yuzuyemo heliyumu. Heliyumu ifite akarusho ko kudashya, nubwo hydrogen irushaho kugurumana kandi ikaba ifite umuvuduko muto wo gusohoka mu ruhu. Indi mikoreshereze ya kabiri ni mu ikoranabuhanga rya roketi, aho heliyumu ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gutakaza kugira ngo ikureho lisansi na ogisijeni mu bigega byo kubikamo no gukurura hydrogen na ogisijeni kugira ngo ikore lisansi ya roketi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho lisansi na ogisijeni mu bikoresho bishyigikira ubutaka mbere yo kurasa, kandi ishobora gukonjesha hydrogen y'amazi mu cyogajuru. Muri roketi ya Saturn V yakoreshejwe muri gahunda ya Apollo, hakenewe metero kibe 370.000 (metero kibe miliyoni 13) za heliyumu kugira ngo iraswe.

Gusuzuma no Gusesengura Imiyoboro Itemba

Indi mikoreshereze ya helium mu nganda ni ugupima aho amazi aturuka. Gupima aho amazi aturuka bikoreshwa mu kumenya aho amazi aturuka mu buryo burimo ibinyobwa na gaze. Kubera ko helium ikwirakwira mu bintu bikomeye inshuro eshatu kurusha umwuka, ikoreshwa nk'umwuka ukurikirana aho amazi aturuka mu bikoresho bifite umwuka mwinshi (nk'ibigega bya cryogenic) n'imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ikintu gishyirwa mu cyumba, hanyuma kikavanwamo kikanyuzwamo helium. Nubwo amazi aturuka ku gipimo kiri hasi cya 10-9 mbar•L/s (10-10 Pa•m3 / s), helium isohoka mu mazi ishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga (spectrometer ya helium mass). Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gupima bukorwa mu buryo bwikora kandi bwitwa ikizamini cyo guhuza helium. Ubundi buryo bworoshye ni ukuzuza helium mu kintu kirimo no gushakisha aho amazi aturuka hakoreshejwe igikoresho gikoreshwa mu ntoki.

Heliyumu ikoreshwa mu gupima amazi asohoka kuko ari yo molekile ntoya kandi ikaba ari molekile imwe, bityo heliyumu isohoka byoroshye. Gazi ya Heliyumu yuzura mu kintu mu gihe cyo gupima amazi asohoka, kandi iyo habayeho amazi asohoka, heliyumu mass spectrometer izabasha kumenya aho amazi asohoka. Heliyumu ishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima amazi asohoka mu maroketi, mu bigega bya lisansi, mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, mu miyoboro ya gazi, mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, mu miyoboro ya televiziyo n'ibindi bikoresho biyikora. Gupima amazi asohoka hakoreshejwe heliyumu byakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu mushinga wa Manhattan mu gupima amazi asohoka mu nganda zitunganya uranium. Heliyumu yo gupima amazi asohoka ishobora gusimburwa na hydrogen, azote, cyangwa uruvange rwa hydrogen na azote.

Gusudira no Gukora Ibyuma

Gazi ya Heliyumu ikoreshwa nk'umwuka urinda mu gusudira arc na plasma arc welding kubera imbaraga zayo nyinshi zo gupima ionization kurusha izindi atome. Gazi ya Heliyumu ikikije isudi ibuza icyuma gushonga mu gihe cyashongeshejwe. Ingufu nyinshi zo gupima ionization za heliyumu zemerera gusudira arc ya plasma y'ibyuma bitandukanye bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi, kubaka amato, no mu kirere, nka titaniyumu, zirconium, magnesium, na aluminiyumu. Nubwo heliyumu iri muri gaze yo kurinda ishobora gusimburwa na argon cyangwa hydrogen, bimwe mu bikoresho (nka titaniyumu heliyumu) ​​ntibishobora gusimburwa no gusudira arc ya plasma. Kubera ko heliyumu ari yo gaze yonyine ifite umutekano mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.

Kimwe mu bice bikunze gukorwa cyane ni ubushuhe bw'ibyuma bitarangirika. Heliyumu ni umwuka udakora, bivuze ko udahura n'ingaruka mbi za shimi iyo uhuye n'ibindi bintu. Iyi miterere ni ingenzi cyane mu myuka yo kurinda ubushuhe.

Heliyumu kandi itwara ubushyuhe neza. Niyo mpamvu ikunze gukoreshwa mu gusudira aho hakenewe ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo wongere ubushuhe bw'isukari. Heliyumu kandi ni ingirakamaro mu kwihutisha.

Heliyumu ikunze kuvangwa na argon mu rugero rutandukanye mu mvange ya gaze irinda kugira ngo ikoreshe neza imiterere myiza ya gaze zombi. Urugero, Heliyumu ikora nk'umwuka urinda kugira ngo ifashe mu gutanga uburyo bwagutse kandi buto bwo kwinjira mu gihe cyo gusudira. Ariko heliyumu ntabwo itanga isuku nk'uko argon ibikora.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora ibyuma bakunze gutekereza kuvanga argon na helium nk'igice cy'imikorere yabo. Ku bijyanye no gusudira ibyuma bikingira gazi, helium ishobora kuba igizwe na 25% kugeza kuri 75% by'uruvange rwa gazi mu ruvange rwa helium na argon. Mu guhindura imiterere y'uruvange rwa gazi irinda, icyuma gisudira gishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma, ibyo bigatuma bigira ingaruka ku ishusho y'igice cy'icyuma gisudira n'umuvuduko wo gusudira.

Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Kubera ko heliyumu ari umwuka utagira umwuka, irahamye cyane ku buryo idakunze kugira icyo ikora n'ibindi bintu. Iyi miterere ituma ikoreshwa nk'ingabo mu gusudira arc (kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa kwa ogisijeni mu kirere). Heliyumu ifite kandi izindi ngamba z'ingenzi, nko gukora semiconductors no gukora fibre optique. Byongeye kandi, ishobora gusimbura azote mu kwibira mu mazi menshi kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho utubumbe twa azote mu maraso, bityo ikarinda indwara yo kwibira mu mazi.

Umubare w'ibicuruzwa bya Heliyumu ku Isi (2016-2027)

Isoko rya helium ku isi ryatugeze kuri miliyoni 1825.37 z'amadolari mu 2020 kandi biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyoni 2742.04 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2027, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ubukungu ku mwaka (CAGR) cya 5.65% (2021-2027). Inganda zifite ikibazo gikomeye mu myaka iri imbere. Amakuru y'iteganyagihe rya 2021-2027 muri iyi nyandiko ashingiye ku iterambere ry'amateka ry'imyaka mike ishize, ibitekerezo by'impuguke mu nganda n'ibitekerezo by'abasesenguzi muri iyi nyandiko.

Inganda za heliyumu zikora cyane, zikomoka ku mutungo kamere, kandi zifite inganda nke ku isi, cyane cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu Burusiya, muri Katari na Alijeriya. Ku isi, urwego rw'abaguzi rwiganje muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu Bushinwa, no mu Burayi n'ahandi. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifite amateka maremare kandi zihamye mu nganda.

Ibigo byinshi bifite inganda nyinshi, ariko akenshi ntabwo ziba zegereye amasoko y’abaguzi babyo. Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bifite ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu kiri hejuru.

Kuva mu myaka itanu ya mbere, umusaruro wariyongereye buhoro cyane. Heliyumu ni isoko y'ingufu idasubira, kandi hari politiki zo mu bihugu biyikora kugira ngo ikomeze gukoreshwa. Bamwe bavuga ko heliyumu izashira mu gihe kizaza.

Inganda zifite umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Hafi ya byose Ibihugu bikoresha heliyumu, ariko bike gusa ni byo bifite ububiko bwa heliyumu.

Heliyumu ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha kandi izaboneka mu nzego nyinshi. Bitewe n'ubuke bw'umutungo kamere, gukenera heliyumu bishobora kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza, bigasaba ubundi buryo bukwiye. Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya Heliyumu bizakomeza kuzamuka kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2026, kuva ku madolari 13.53 / m3 (2020) kugera ku madolari 19.09 / m3 (2027).

Inganda zigirwaho ingaruka n’ubukungu na politiki. Uko ubukungu bw’isi bugenda buzamuka, abantu benshi bahangayikishijwe no kunoza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu turere tudateye imbere dufite abaturage benshi kandi ubukungu bugenda bwiyongera vuba, ni ko icyifuzo cya helium kiziyongera.

Kugeza ubu, inganda zikomeye ku isi zirimo Rasgas, Linde Group, Air Chemical, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide (Dz) na Gazprom (Ru), n'izindi. Muri 2020, umugabane w'inganda 6 za mbere uzarenga 74%. Biteganijwe ko irushanwa mu nganda rizarushaho gukomera mu myaka mike iri imbere.

Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic

Bitewe n'ubuke bw'umutungo wa heliyumu y'amazi n'izamuka ry'igiciro, ni ngombwa kugabanya igihombo n'igaruzwa rya heliyumu y'amazi mu ikoreshwa ryayo no mu gutwara kwayo.

HL Cryogenic Equipment yashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gifitanye isano na HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yiyemeje gushushanya no gukora Sisitemu y’imiyoboro ya Cryogenic Issured Cryogenic Piping System hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano kugira ngo ihuze n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Umuyoboro wa Vcuum Insured na Flexible Hose byubatswe mu bikoresho byihariye bivamo umwuka mwinshi kandi bifite ecran nyinshi, kandi binyura mu buryo buhanitse cyane bwo kuvura no kuvura umwuka mwinshi, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y’amazi, azote y’amazi, argon y’amazi, hydrogen y’amazi, heliyumu y’amazi, gaze ya ethylene LEG y’amazi n’gaze y’umwimerere ya LNG y’amazi.

Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bya Vacuum Jacketed Pipe, Vacuum Jacketed Hose, Vacuum Jacketed Valve, na Phase Separator muri HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, byanyuze mu buryo bukomeye cyane bwo kuvura, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y'amazi, azote y'amazi, argon y'amazi, hydrogen y'amazi, heliyumu y'amazi, LEG na LNG, kandi ibi bicuruzwa bikorerwa ibikoresho bya cryogenic (urugero: ibigega bya cryogenic, dewars na coldboxes nibindi) mu nganda zo gutandukanya ikirere, imyuka, indege, ikoranabuhanga, superconductor, chips, automation assembling, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, farumasi, ibitaro, biobank, rubber, gukora ibikoresho bishya bya chemical engineering, icyuma n'icyuma, n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.

Isosiyete ya HL Cryogenic Equipment Company yabaye umucuruzi wujuje ibisabwa wa Linde, Air Liquide, Air Products (AP), Praxair, Messer, BOC, Iwatani, na Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group (Hangyang) n'ibindi.