Kubika no gutwara hydrogen y’amazi ni ishingiro ry’ikoreshwa ry’hydrogen y’amazi mu buryo bwizewe, bunoze, bunini kandi buhendutse, ndetse n’ingenzi mu gukemura ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen.
 
Uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara hydrogen y'amazi bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ububiko bw'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gutwara imiyoboro. Mu buryo bw'imiterere y'ububiko, ikigega cyo kubikamo gifite uruziga n'ikigega cyo kubikamo gifite uruziga muri rusange bikoreshwa mu kubika no gutwara ibyuma. Mu buryo bwo gutwara, hakoreshwa tereli ya hydrogen y'amazi, ikigega cya gari ya moshi cya hydrogen y'amazi n'ikigega cya hydrogen y'amazi.
 
Uretse gusuzuma ingaruka, kuzungagurika n'ibindi bintu bifitanye isano n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gutwara amazi, bitewe n'aho amazi ya hydrogen (20.3K) abira cyane, ubushyuhe buke bwo gushyuha no koroshya umwuka, ububiko n'ubwikorezi bw'ibikoresho bigomba gukoresha uburyo buhamye bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe buva, cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika no gutwara ibintu butangiza, kugira ngo bigabanye urwego rwo gushyuha amazi ya hydrogen kugeza kuri zeru, bitabaye ibyo bizatuma umuvuduko w'amazi wiyongera. Bitera ibyago byo gushyuha cyane cyangwa gutakaza imbaraga. Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho iri hepfo, ukurikije uburyo bwa tekiniki, ububiko n'ubwikorezi bw'amazi ya hydrogen ahanini bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe rya adiabatic kugira ngo bigabanye uburyo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n'ikoranabuhanga rikora ryo gukonjesha rishingiye kuri ibi kugira ngo bigabanye gushyuha cyangwa kongera ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha.
 
Hashingiwe ku miterere ya hydrogen y’amazi ubwayo, uburyo bwo kuyibika no kuyitwara bufite ibyiza byinshi ugereranyije n’uburyo bwo kuyibikamo hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa, ariko uburyo bwo kuyikora bugoye cyane butuma igira ingaruka zimwe na zimwe.
 
Igipimo kinini cy'uburemere bw'ububiko, uburyo bworoshye bwo kubika no gutwara ndetse n'imodoka
Ugereranyije n’ububiko bwa hydrogen irimo imyuka, inyungu nini ya hydrogen y’amazi ni ubucucike bwayo bwinshi. Ubucucike bwa hydrogen y’amazi ni 70.8kg/m3, bungana n’inshuro 5, 3 na 1.8 z’ubucucike bwa hydrogen y’umuvuduko mwinshi wa 20, 35, na 70MPa. Kubwibyo, hydrogen y’amazi ikwiriye cyane mu kubika no gutwara hydrogen ku rwego runini, ishobora gukemura ibibazo byo kubika no gutwara ingufu za hydrogen.
 
Umuvuduko muke wo kubika, byoroshye kwemeza umutekano
Ububiko bwa hydrogen y'amazi bushingiye ku bushyuhe kugira ngo igikoresho gikomeze guhagarara neza, urwego rw'umuvuduko wo kubika no gutwara buri munsi ni ruto (muri rusange ruri munsi ya 1MPa), ruri munsi cyane y'urwego rw'umuvuduko wo kubika no gutwara gazi y'umuvuduko mwinshi na hydrogen, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kwemeza umutekano mu mikorere ya buri munsi. Hamwe n'ibiranga ingano nini y'uburemere bwa hydrogen y'amazi, mu gihe kizaza guteza imbere ingufu za hydrogen, kubika no gutwara hydrogen y'amazi (nk'ahantu ho gukwirakwiza hydrogen y'amazi) bizagira uburyo bwo gukora bufite umutekano mu mijyi ifite ubucucike bw'inyubako nyinshi, abaturage benshi n'ubutaka buhenze, kandi uburyo rusange buzakorera ahantu hato, bisaba ishoramari rito ry'ibanze n'ikiguzi cyo gukora.
 
Isuku nyinshi yo gushyushya, ihuye n'ibisabwa n'aho terminal ikorera
Ikoreshwa rya hydrogen na hydrogen nziza cyane ku isi buri mwaka ni rinini cyane, cyane cyane mu nganda z'ikoranabuhanga (nk'ibikoresho bya semiconductors, ibikoresho bya electro-vacuum, silicon wafers, ikorwa rya fibre optique, nibindi) ndetse n'ahantu hakoreshwa lisansi, aho ikoreshwa rya hydrogen nziza cyane na hydrogen nziza cyane ari rinini cyane. Muri iki gihe, ubwiza bwa hydrogen nyinshi mu nganda ntibushobora kuzuza ibisabwa na bamwe mu bakoresha ku bijyanye n'ubwiza bwa hydrogen, ariko hydrogen nziza nyuma yo gushyuha hydrogen y'amazi ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa.
 
Uruganda rukora amazi rufite ishoramari rinini kandi rukoresha ingufu nyinshi
Bitewe n'uko ibikoresho by'ingenzi n'ikoranabuhanga byatinze gutezwa imbere nka hydrogen liquefaction cold box, ibikoresho byose bya hydrogen liquefaction mu kirere cyo mu gihugu byigaruriwe n'amasosiyete y'amahanga mbere ya Nzeri 2021. Ibikoresho binini bya hydrogen liquefaction core bigengwa na politiki z'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga zijyanye nabyo (nk'amabwiriza agenga kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ya Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi ya Amerika), bibuza kohereza ibikoresho mu mahanga bikanabuza guhanahana ibikoresho mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Ibi bituma ishoramari rya mbere ry'ibikoresho mu ruganda rwa hydrogen liquefaction rinini, hamwe n'ikiguzi gito cya hydrogen liquid civil mu gihugu, ingano y'ikoreshwa ryayo ntihagije, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bugenda bwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ingufu za hydrogen liquid zikoreshwa mu gukora igice kinini kurusha iza hydrogen ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wa gazi.
 
Hari ibura ry'umwuka mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara hydrogen y'amazi
Muri iki gihe, mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara hydrogen y’amazi, umwuka wa hydrogen uterwa no gusohoka k’ubushyuhe uvurwa ahanini no guhumeka, ibyo bikazatuma habaho kubura umwuka uva mu kirere. Mu gihe kizaza, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zindi zo kugarura umwuka wa hydrogen wava mu kirere kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cyo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya hydrogen iterwa no gusohoka mu kirere mu buryo butaziguye.
 
Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic
HL Cryogenic Equipment yashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gifitanye isano na HL Cryogenic Equipment Company Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd. HL Cryogenic Equipment yiyemeje gushushanya no gukora Sisitemu y’imiyoboro ya Cryogenic Issured Cryogenic Piping System hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano kugira ngo ihuze n’ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Umuyoboro wa Vcuum Insured na Flexible Hose byubatswe mu bikoresho byihariye bivamo umwuka mwinshi kandi bifite ecran nyinshi, kandi binyura mu buryo buhanitse cyane bwo kuvura no kuvura umwuka mwinshi, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y’amazi, azote y’amazi, argon y’amazi, hydrogen y’amazi, heliyumu y’amazi, gaze ya ethylene LEG y’amazi n’gaze y’umwimerere ya LNG y’amazi.