Azote y'amazi: Gazi ya azote iri mu rugero rw'amazi. Idafite ibara, nta mpumuro, ntiyononekara, ntitwika, ubushyuhe bukabije. Azote ni yo igize igice kinini cy'ikirere (78.03% by'ingano na 75.5% by'uburemere). Azote ntikora kandi ntishyigikira gutwika. Gukubitwa n'ubukonje buterwa no gukorana cyane mu gihe cyo guhumeka.
Azote y'amazi ni isoko y'ubukonje yoroshye. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye, azote y'amazi yagiye yitabwaho buhoro buhoro kandi imenyekana n'abantu. Yakomeje gukoreshwa cyane mu bworozi bw'amatungo, mu buvuzi, mu nganda z'ibiribwa, no mu nzego z'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije. Mu by'ikoranabuhanga, mu byuma, mu by'indege, mu nganda zikora imashini n'ibindi bice by'iyi porogaramu yagiye yaguka kandi itera imbere.
Ugukora cyane kw'amashanyarazi (Cryogenic superconducting)
Imiterere yihariye ya Superconductor, ku buryo ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mu byiciro bitandukanye. Superconductor iboneka hakoreshejwe azote y'amazi aho gukoresha heliyumu y'amazi nk'icyuma gikonjesha gitanga imbaraga nyinshi, ibi bikaba bifungura ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya superconductor mu buryo bwagutse kandi bifatwa nk'imwe mu mavumbuzi akomeye ya siyansi yo mu kinyejana cya 20.
Ubuhanga bwo gukurura ingufu za rukuruzi mu gutwara ibintu ni uburyo bwa superconducting YBCO, iyo ibikoresho bya superconducting bikonjeshejwe kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa azote y'amazi (78K, bingana na -196 ~ Celcius), kuva ku mpinduka zisanzwe kugera ku miterere ya superconducting. Imbaraga za rukuruzi zikomoka ku muyaga ukingira umurindi zisunika imbaraga za rukuruzi z'inzira, kandi niba imbaraga zirenze uburemere bwa gari ya moshi, imodoka ishobora guhagarikwa. Muri icyo gihe, igice cy'imbaraga za rukuruzi gifatirwa muri superconductor bitewe n'ingaruka za magnetic flux pinning mu gihe cyo gukonjesha. Iyi mbaraga za rukuruzi ifatwa ikururwa n'imbaraga za rukuruzi z'inzira, kandi kubera kwirukana no gukurura, imodoka iguma ihagaze hejuru y'inzira. Bitandukanye n'ingaruka rusange zo kwirukana kw'abahuje igitsina no gukurura kw'abahuje igitsina hagati ya rukuruzi, imikoranire hagati ya superconductor n'imbaraga za rukuruzi zo hanze zombi zisunika kandi zikururana, ku buryo superconductor na rukuruzi z'iteka zishobora kurwanya imbaraga zabyo bwite no guhagarika cyangwa kumanika hejuru munsi y'ibindi.
Gukora no gupima ibice by'ikoranabuhanga
Gusuzuma imihangayiko ku bidukikije ni uguhitamo umubare w'ibintu by'ingenzi bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije, gushyira ingano ikwiye y'imihangayiko ku bidukikije cyangwa imashini yose, no guteza inenge ku bice, ni ukuvuga inenge mu gikorwa cyo gukora no gushyiraho, no gukosora cyangwa gusimbuza. Gusuzuma imihangayiko mu kirere ni ingirakamaro mu kwakira uruziga rw'ubushyuhe n'ihindagurika ryihariye. Ikizamini cy'uruziga rw'ubushyuhe ni ukwemera impinduka nyinshi z'ubushyuhe, stress nini y'ubushyuhe, kugira ngo ibice by'ibikoresho bitandukanye, bitewe n'ububi bw'ingingo, kudahuza kw'ibikoresho, inenge mu gikorwa ziterwa n'ingorane zihishe no kunanirwa kw'imikorere, byemere igipimo cy'impinduka z'ubushyuhe cya 5℃ / min. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa ni -40℃, +60℃. Umubare w'impinduka ni 8. Uruvange nk'urwo rw'ibipimo by'ibidukikije rutuma gusudira, ibice byo gukata, ibice by'inenge zabyo bigaragara cyane. Ku bizamini by'ubushyuhe, dushobora gusuzuma uburyo bwo kwakira amasanduku abiri. Muri iki gihe, gusuzuma bigomba gukorwa ku rwego.
Azote y'amazi ni uburyo bwihuse kandi bufite akamaro bwo kurinda no gupima ibice by'ikoranabuhanga n'amadirishya.
Ubuhanga mu gusya umupira urimo gucura
Uruganda rw'umupira w'imibumbe rwa Cryogenic ni umwuka wa azote uhora winjira mu ruganda rw'umupira w'imibumbe rufite ubwihisho bwo kubungabunga ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje uzaba uzenguruka vuba cyane ubushyuhe buturuka ku ruganda rusya umupira mu gihe nyacyo, ku buryo icyuma gisya umupira kirimo ibikoresho, umupira usya uhora uri ahantu runaka hadasobanutse. Mu ruganda rw'ibikoresho, gusya neza, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya no gukora ibikoresho bigezweho mu buryo buciriritse. Iki gicuruzwa ni gito, gifite akamaro kanini, gikurikiza amategeko menshi, gifite urusaku ruto, gikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi, mu nganda zikora imiti, mu kurengera ibidukikije, mu nganda zoroheje, mu bwubatsi, mu byuma, mu bumba, mu mabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bice.
Ubuhanga mu gutunganya ibikoresho by’umwimerere
Gukata cryogenic ni ugukoresha amazi ashyushye nka azote y'amazi, dioxyde de carbone y'amazi n'umwuka ukonje mu buryo bwo gukata aho gukata, bigatuma agace ko gukata k'aho gukata kaba gafite imiterere ya cryogenic cyangwa ultra-cryogenic, hakoreshejwe uburyo cryogenic brittleness bw'agace ko gukata muri cryogenic, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukata igikoresho, ubuzima bw'igikoresho n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'agace ko gukonjesha. Dukurikije itandukaniro ry'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, gukata cryogenic bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gukata umwuka ukonje n'ugukata azote y'amazi akonjesha. Uburyo bwo gukata cryogenic cool air ni ugutera -20℃ ~ -30℃ (cyangwa ndetse no munsi) umwuka ushyushye ugana ku gice cyo gutunganya cy'agace ko gukata, kandi ukavangwa n'amavuta yo mu bimera (10~20m 1 ku isaha), kugira ngo bigire uruhare mu gukonjesha, gukuraho uduce duto, gusiga amavuta. Ugereranije no gukata bisanzwe, gukata cryogenic cooling bishobora kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya, kunoza ubwiza bw'agace ko gukata, no kudahumanya ibidukikije. Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya ibikoresho cya Yasuda Industry Company cy’Ubuyapani cyemera imiterere y’umuyoboro w’umwuka wa adiabatic winjijwe hagati y’umuyoboro wa moteri n’umuyoboro w’icyuma, kandi uganisha ku cyuma gikoresha umuyaga ukonje wa -30°C. Iyi gahunda irushaho kunoza imiterere yo gukata kandi ni ingirakamaro mu gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gukata umwuka ukonje. Kazuhiko Yokokawa yakoze ubushakashatsi ku gukonjesha umwuka ukonje mu gucura no gusya. Mu igerageza ryo gusya, amazi yo gukata amazi, umuyaga usanzwe (+10°C) n’umwuka ukonje (-30°C) byakoreshejwe kugira ngo hagereranywe imbaraga. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko kuramba kw’igikoresho byarushijeho kwiyongera cyane iyo umwuka ukonje wakoreshwaga. Mu igerageza ryo gucura, igipimo cyo kwambara kw’igikoresho mu mwuka ukonje (-20°C) kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’umwuka usanzwe (+20°C).
Gukata azote y'amazi bikonjesha bifite akamaro kabiri. Imwe ni ugukoresha umuvuduko w'icupa kugira ngo utere azote y'amazi mu buryo butaziguye mu gice cyo gukata nk'amazi yo gukata. Indi ni ugukonjesha igikoresho cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukora hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhumeka bwa azote y'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Ubu gukata cryogenic ni ingenzi mu gutunganya alloy ya titaniyumu, icyuma kinini cya manganese, icyuma gikomeye n'ibindi bikoresho bigoye gutunganya. KPRaijurkar yakoresheje igikoresho cya H13A carbide maze ikoresha igikoresho cyo gukonjesha cya azote y'amazi kugira ngo ikore igerageza ryo gukata cryogenic kuri alloy ya titaniyumu. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini byagaragaje ko ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo bwo gukata, kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byakuweho bigaragara, ubushyuhe bwo gukata bwagabanutseho 30%, kandi ubwiza bw'imashini yo gukora ubuso bwazo bwarushijeho kuba bwiza cyane. Wan Guangmin yakoresheje uburyo bwo gukonjesha butaziguye kugira ngo ikore igerageza ryo gukata cryogenic ku cyuma kinini cya manganese, kandi ibisubizo biratangwa. Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukonjesha butaziguye kugira ngo hakorwe icyuma kinini cya manganese kuri cryogenic, imbaraga z'igikoresho zirakurwaho, kwangirika kw'igikoresho kuragabanuka, ibimenyetso byo gukomera kw'akazi birarushaho kuba byiza, kandi ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igikoresho nabwo burarushaho kuba bwiza. Wang Lianpeng n'abandi. bakoresheje uburyo bwo gutera azote mu buryo bw'amazi mu buryo bushyushye bwo gukora icyuma cyazimye 45 ku bikoresho bya CNC, kandi batanga ibitekerezo ku bisubizo by'ibizamini. Kuramba kw'igikoresho n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igikorwa bishobora kunozwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutera azote mu buryo bw'amazi mu buryo bushyushye bwo gukora icyuma cyazimye 45.
Mu gihe cyo gutunganya azote y'amazi, ibikoresho bya karuboni bihuza imbaraga zo kunama, gukomera kw'ivunika no kurwanya ingese, imbaraga, ubukana bwiyongera uko ubushyuhe buri hasi bityo ibikoresho byo gukata karuboni bya sima mu gukonjesha azote y'amazi bishobora guhuza imikorere myiza yo gukata, nko ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, kandi imikorere yabyo igenwa n'umubare w'icyiciro cyo gufatanya. Ku byuma byihuta cyane, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gukaraba, ubukana buriyongera kandi imbaraga z'ingaruka zikaba nke, ariko muri rusange bishobora guhuza imikorere myiza yo gukaraba. Ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe mu kunoza uburyo bwo gukaraba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukaraba, hakozwe inyigo, guhitamo icyuma gito cya karuboni AISl010, icyuma kinini cya karuboni AISl070, icyuma gifata AISIE52100, aloyi ya titaniyumu Ti-6A 1-4V, aloyi ya aluminiyumu A390 ibikoresho bitanu, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ubushakashatsi n'isuzuma: Bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo gukaraba, ibisubizo byifuzwa byo gukaraba bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukaraba. Ku byuma byinshi bya karuboni n'icyuma gifata, kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe mu gace ko gukaraba no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bishobora kugabanywa no gukonjesha azote y'amazi. Mu icupa rya aluminiyumu rikoreshwa mu gukata, gukoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha bushobora kunoza ubukana bw'igikoresho no kudakora neza ku buryo icyuma kidakora neza, mu gutunganya icupa rya titaniyumu, icyarimwe igikoresho gikonjesha gikoreshwa mu gukata, ubushyuhe buke bwo gukata no gukuraho isano iri hagati ya titaniyumu n'ibikoresho.
Izindi ngamba za azote y'amazi
Icyogajuru cya Jiuquan cyohereje sitasiyo yihariye ya lisansi yo hagati gukora azote y’amazi, ikoreshwa mu gutera lisansi ya roketi, ishyirwa mu cyumba cy’umuriro ku muvuduko mwinshi.
Insinga y'amashanyarazi ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amazi mu gihe cyihutirwa. Ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amazi mu gihe cy'impanuka. Ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amazi mu buryo bwihutirwa. Ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amazi mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe no kuzimya ibikoresho mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe. Ubuhanga mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amazi mu buryo bw'ubushyuhe (kwagura ubushyuhe n'ibimenyetso byo gukonja mu nganda) nabyo bikoreshwa cyane. Ubuhanga mu gutera imbuto mu bicu bya azote mu buryo bw'amazi mu buryo bw'igihe nyacyo, ni ubushakashatsi bwimbitse buri gihe. Koresha uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro mu butaka bwa azote, umuriro urangirika vuba, kandi ugakuraho ibyangiritse bitewe n'iturika rya gaze. Kuki wahitamo azote y'amazi: Kubera ko ikonje vuba kurusha ubundi buryo, kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bindi bintu, igabanya cyane umwanya kandi igatanga ikirere cyumye, ni nziza ku bidukikije (azote y'amazi ihinduka mu kirere nyuma yo kuyikoresha, idasize umwanda), ni yoroshye kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha.
Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic
Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenicyashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gifitanye isano naIsosiyete ya HL Cryogenic Equipment Co.,Ltd. Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byiyemeje gushushanya no gukora Sisitemu ya High Vacuum Insulated Cryogenic Piping System hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bifitanye isano kugira ngo bihuze n'ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Umuyoboro wa Vacuum Insulated na Flexible Hose byubatswe mu bikoresho byihariye bidafite umwuka mwinshi kandi bifite ecran nyinshi, kandi binyura mu buryo buhanitse cyane bwo kuvura no kuvura umwuka mwinshi, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y'amazi, azote y'amazi, argon y'amazi, hydrogen y'amazi, heliyumu y'amazi, LEG y'amazi ya ethylene na LNG y'amazi ya LNG.
Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bya Phase Separator, Vacuum Pipe, Vacuum Hose na Vacuum Valve muri HL Cryogenic Equipment Company, byanyuze mu buryo bukomeye cyane bwo kuvura, bikoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y'amazi, azote y'amazi, argon y'amazi, hydrogen y'amazi, heliyumu y'amazi, LEG na LNG, kandi ibi bicuruzwa bikorerwa ibikoresho bya cryogenic (urugero: ikigega cyo kubika cryogenic, dewar na coldbox nibindi) mu nganda zo gutandukanya ikirere, imyuka, indege, ikoranabuhanga, superconductor, chips, farumasi, biobank, ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa, guteranya ikoranabuhanga, ubuhanga mu by'ubutabire, icyuma n'icyuma, rubber, gukora ibikoresho bishya n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2021
