Azote y'amazi: gaze ya azote muburyo bwamazi.Inert, idafite ibara, impumuro nziza, idashobora kwangirika, idacana, ubushyuhe bukabije bwa kirogenike.Azote ikora igice kinini cyikirere (78.03% mubunini na 75.5% kuburemere).Azote idakora kandi ntabwo ishigikira gutwikwa.Ubukonje buterwa no guhura cyane na endothermic mugihe cyo guhumeka.
Amazi ya azote ni isoko ikonje.Bitewe nimiterere yihariye, azote yuzuye yagiye yitabwaho buhoro buhoro kandi iramenyekana nabantu.Yagiye ikoreshwa cyane mu bworozi, mu buvuzi, mu nganda z’ibiribwa, no mu bushakashatsi bwa cryogenic.Muri elegitoroniki, metallurgie, icyogajuru, gukora imashini nibindi bice bya porogaramu byagutse kandi bitera imbere.
Cryogenic superconducting
Imiyoboro idasanzwe iranga ibintu, kuburyo ishobora gukoreshwa cyane mubyiciro bitandukanye.Superconductor iboneka hifashishijwe azote yuzuye aho gukoresha helium ya firigo nka firigo ya superconducting, ifungura ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya superconducting muburyo butandukanye kandi ifatwa nkimwe mubintu byavumbuwe na siyansi mu kinyejana cya 20.
Ubuhanga bwogukoresha imbaraga za magnetique nubuhanga bwa ceramic YBCO, mugihe ibikoresho birenze urugero bikonje kugeza ubushyuhe bwa azote (78K, bihwanye na -196 ~ C), kuva mubihinduka bisanzwe bikagera kuri leta.Umwanya wa magneti ukorwa numuyoboro ukingiwe usunika umurima wa rukuruzi, kandi niba imbaraga zirenze uburemere bwa gari ya moshi, imodoka irashobora guhagarikwa.Muri icyo gihe, igice cyumurima wa magneti gifashwe mumashanyarazi kubera ingaruka za magnetiki flux mugihe cyo gukonja.Uyu mutego wa magneti umutego ukurura umurima wa rukuruzi, kandi kubera kwanga no gukurura, imodoka iguma ihagaritswe neza hejuru yumuhanda.Bitandukanye n'ingaruka rusange zo kwanga abaryamana bahuje ibitsina no gukurura ibitsina bitandukanye hagati ya magnesi, imikoranire hagati ya superconductor n'umurima wa magnetiki yo hanze byombi bisunika kandi bikururana, kugirango supercuctor hamwe na rukuruzi zihoraho zishobora kurwanya uburemere bwazo no guhagarika cyangwa umanike hejuru munsi yundi.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki gukora no kugerageza
Kugenzura ibibazo by’ibidukikije ni uguhitamo umubare wibintu by’icyitegererezo cy’ibidukikije, ugashyira mu bikorwa urugero rukwiye rw’ibidukikije ku bice cyangwa imashini yose, kandi bigatera inenge yimikorere yibigize, ni ukuvuga inenge mugikorwa cyo gukora no kuyishyiraho, na tanga gukosora cyangwa gusimburwa.Kugenzura ibidukikije ni ingirakamaro mu kwemera ubushyuhe bwikurikiranya no kunyeganyega bidasanzwe.Ikizamini cyizuba ni ukwemera igipimo cyinshi cyo guhindura ubushyuhe, guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe bwinshi, kugirango ibice byibikoresho bitandukanye, bitewe nibibi bihuriweho, ibikoresho bya asimmetrie ubwabyo, inenge mubikorwa biterwa nikibazo cyihishe hamwe no kunanirwa kwa agile, wemere igipimo cyo guhindura ubushyuhe bwa 5 ℃ / min.Ubushyuhe ntarengwa ni -40 ℃, + 60 ℃.Umubare wizunguruko ni 8.Nkuko guhuza ibipimo byibidukikije bituma gusudira kugaragara, gukata ibice, ibice byinenge zabo byagaragaye cyane.Kubipimo byubushyuhe bukabije, dushobora gutekereza ku kwemerwa kubisanduku bibiri.Muri ibi bidukikije, gusuzuma bigomba gukorwa kurwego.
Amazi ya azote nuburyo bwihuse kandi bwingirakamaro bwo gukingira no kugerageza ibice bya elegitoronike hamwe nimbaho zumuzunguruko.
Ubuhanga bwo gusya umupira
Uruganda rukora imipira ya Cryogenic ni gaze ya azote yuzuye ikomeza kwinjizwa mumashini yumupira wumubumbe ufite ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, umwuka ukonje uzaba umuvuduko mwinshi wubushyuhe buturuka kumashini isya umupira mugihe nyacyo, kugirango umupira usya ikigega kirimo ibikoresho, gusya umupira buri gihe mubidukikije runaka.Mubidukikije bya kirogenike kuvanga, gusya neza, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya hamwe nuduce duto duto twibikoresho byubuhanga buhanitse.Igicuruzwa ni gito mubunini, cyuzuye mubikorwa, hejuru yubahirizwa, urusaku ruke, rukoreshwa cyane mubuvuzi, inganda zimiti, kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zoroheje, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, metallurgie, ububumbyi, amabuye y'agaciro nibindi bice.
Ubuhanga bwo gutunganya icyatsi
Gukata Cryogenic ni ugukoresha amazi ya kirogenike nka azote yuzuye, karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone hamwe na spray yumuyaga ukonje kuri sisitemu yo gukata ahantu haciwe, bikavamo agace kaciwe na leta ya cryogenic cyangwa ultra-cryogenic, ukoresheje ubukorikori bwa kirogenike bwakazi. mubihe bya cryogenic, utezimbere igikorwa cyo gukata imashini, ubuzima bwibikoresho hamwe nuburinganire bwakazi.Ukurikije itandukaniro ryo gukonjesha, gukata korojene bishobora kugabanywa gukata ikirere gikonje no gukata azote ikonje.Uburyo bwa Cryogenic bukonje bwo gukata ni ugutera -20 ℃ ~ -30 ℃ (cyangwa ndetse hepfo) ya kirogenike yumuyaga mugice cyo gutunganya igice cyibikoresho, hanyuma ukavangwa n amavuta yo kwisiga (10 ~ 20m 1 kumasaha), kugirango ukine uruhare rwo gukonjesha, gukuramo chip, gusiga.Ugereranije no gukata gakondo, gukonjesha gukonjesha birashobora kunoza iyubahirizwa ryogutunganya, kuzamura ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi, kandi hafi nta bihumanya ibidukikije.Ikigo gitunganya Ubuyapani Uruganda Yasuda Inganda rwemera imiterere yumuyoboro wumuyaga wa adiabatic winjijwe hagati yumushoferi wa moteri na shitingi, kandi biganisha ku cyuma ukoresheje umuyaga ukonje wa kirogenike -30 ℃ .Iyi gahunda itezimbere cyane uburyo bwo guca kandi ni ingirakamaro mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya tekinoroji yo guca ikirere.Kazuhiko Yokokawa yakoze ubushakashatsi kubyerekeranye no gukonjesha ikirere gikonje muguhindura no gusya.Mu igeragezwa ryo gusya, hakoreshejwe amazi yo gutema amazi, umuyaga usanzwe (+ 10 ℃) n'umwuka ukonje (-30 ℃) wakoresheje kugirango ugereranye imbaraga.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ibikoresho biramba byatejwe imbere mugihe umwuka ukonje wakoreshejwe.Mugihe cyo guhinduranya, igikoresho cyo kwambara cyumuyaga ukonje (-20 ℃) kiri hasi cyane ugereranije numwuka usanzwe (+ 20 ℃).
Gukata amazi ya azote gukata bifite ibintu bibiri byingenzi.Imwe muriyo ni ugukoresha umuvuduko w'icupa kugirango utere azote yuzuye mu gice cyo gukata nko guca amazi.Ikindi ni ugukonjesha mu buryo butaziguye igikoresho cyangwa igihangano ukoresheje uruziga rwuka rwa azote yuzuye munsi yubushyuhe.Noneho gukata cryogenic nibyingenzi mugutunganya titanium alloy, ibyuma bya manganese ndende, ibyuma bikomeye nibindi bigoye gutunganya ibikoresho.KPRaijurkar yakoresheje igikoresho cya karbide ya H13A kandi ikoresha igikoresho cyo gukonjesha azote ya azote kugira ngo ikore ubushakashatsi bwo guca cryogenic kuri titanium.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekanye ko ugereranije nuburyo gakondo bwo gukata, kwambara ibikoresho byavanyweho ku buryo bugaragara, ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya bwagabanutseho 30%, kandi ubwiza bw’ibikorwa byo gutunganya ibikoresho byazamutse cyane.Wan Guangmin yakoresheje uburyo bwo gukonjesha butaziguye kugira ngo akore ubushakashatsi bwo guca cryogenic ku cyuma kinini cya manganese, ibisubizo biratangwa.Iyo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gukonjesha butaziguye kugirango butunganyirize ibyuma bya manganese hejuru ya cryogenic, imbaraga zikoreshwa ziravaho, kwambara ibikoresho biragabanuka, ibimenyetso bikomeretsa akazi biratera imbere, kandi ubwiza bwibikorwa byakazi nabwo buratera imbere.Wang Lianpeng n'abandi.yakoresheje uburyo bwa azote yatewe mu gutera ubushyuhe buke bwo gutunganya ibyuma 45 yazimye ku bikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, maze atanga ibisobanuro ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.Igikoresho kiramba hamwe nuburinganire bwakazi bushobora kunozwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gutera amazi ya azote mu gutunganya ubushyuhe buke bwo gukora ibyuma byazimye 45.
Muburyo bwo gutunganya ubukonje bwa azote, ibikoresho bya karbide kugirango bihuze imbaraga zunamye, gukomera kuvunika no kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga, ubukana bwiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe buri hasi bityo rero ibikoresho bya sima ya carbide ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amazi ya azote birashoboka guhuza ibikorwa byiza byo guca, nko ku cyumba cy'ubushyuhe, kandi imikorere yacyo igenwa numubare wo guhuza icyiciro.Kubyuma byihuta cyane, hamwe na cryogenic, ubukana bwiyongera kandi imbaraga zingaruka ni nke, ariko muri rusange birashobora guhuza imikorere myiza yo guca.Yifashishije ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byogutezimbere uburyo bwo gukata imashini yakoze ubushakashatsi, gutoranya ibyuma bike bya karubone AISll010, ibyuma bya karuboni ndende AISl070, bitwaje ibyuma AISIE52100, titanium alloy Ti-6A 1-4V, guta aluminiyumu A390 ibikoresho bitanu, kubishyira mubikorwa yubushakashatsi nisuzuma: Bitewe n'uburiganya buhebuje kuri cryogenic, ibisubizo byogukora birashobora kuboneka mugukata cryogenic.Ku byuma byinshi bya karubone hamwe nicyuma, kuzamuka kwubushyuhe mukarere no kugabanya ibikoresho bishobora kubuzwa gukonjesha azote.Mugukata casting ya aluminiyumu, gukoresha ubukonje bwa cryogenic birashobora kunoza ubukana bwibikoresho no kurwanya ibikoresho bya silicon phase abrasive kwambara, mugutunganya titanium alloy, icyarimwe ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bya cryogenic hamwe nakazi kayo, ubushyuhe buke bwo kugabanya no gukuraho isano ya chimique hagati ya titanium nibikoresho byibikoresho.
Ibindi bikorwa bya azote yuzuye
Icyogajuru cya Jiuquan cyohereje sitasiyo ya lisansi idasanzwe yo gukora azote yuzuye, moteri ya lisansi ya roketi, ikajugunywa mu cyumba cyaka umuriro ku muvuduko mwinshi.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burenze urugero insinga.Ikoreshwa muguhagarika umuyoboro wamazi mugutabara byihutirwa.Bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutuza no kuzimya ibikoresho.Amazi ya azote yo gukonjesha ibikoresho (kwagura ubushyuhe nibimenyetso byo kugabanya ubukonje mubikorwa byinganda) nabyo birakoreshwa cyane.Ubuhanga bwo gutera ibicu bya azote.Amazi ya azote yamazi yubuhanga bwigihe-cyamazi yindege, nubushakashatsi bwimbitse.Kwemera kuzimya umuriro wa azote mu kuzimu, umuriro urasenyuka vuba, kandi ukuraho ibyangiritse biturika.Kuki uhitamo azote yuzuye: Kuberako ikonja vuba kurusha ubundi buryo, kandi ntigire icyo ikora hamwe nibindi bintu, itera umwanya munini kandi igatanga ikirere cyumutse, itangiza ibidukikije (azote yuzuye ihindagurika mukirere nyuma yo kuyikoresha, nta na kimwe gisize. umwanda), biroroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha.
HL Ibikoresho bya Cryogenic
HL Ibikoresho bya Cryogenicyashinzwe mu 1992 ni ikirango gifitanye isanoHL Cryogenic ibikoresho bya sosiyete Cryogenic ibikoresho Co, Ltd..Ibikoresho bya HL Cryogenic byiyemeje gushushanya no gukora sisitemu yo hejuru ya Vacuum Yanduye ya Cryogenic Piping hamwe nibikoresho bifitanye isano nayo kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabakiriya.Umuyoboro wa Vacuum hamwe na Flexible Hose wubatswe mu cyuho kinini kandi gifite ibice byinshi byerekana amashusho yihariye yihariye, kandi unyura mu ruhererekane rw’ubuvuzi bukomeye kandi buvura vacuum, bukoreshwa mu kohereza ogisijeni y’amazi, azote yuzuye. , amazi ya argon, hydrogène yamazi, helium yamazi, gaze ya Ethylene ya LEG hamwe na gaze ya kamere ya LNG.
Ibicuruzwa byuruhererekane rwicyiciro, Umuyoboro wa Vacuum, Vacuum Hose na Vacuum Valve muri Sosiyete ya HL Cryogenic ibikoresho, byanyuze mu ruhererekane rw’ubuvuzi bukomeye cyane, bikoreshwa mu guhererekanya umwuka wa ogisijeni w’amazi, azote yuzuye, argone y’amazi, hydrogène y’amazi, amazi helium, LEG na LNG, kandi ibyo bicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubikoresho bya kirogenike (urugero: ikigega cyo kubika kirogenike, dewar na coldbox nibindi) mu nganda zo gutandukanya ikirere, gaze, indege, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, superconductor, chip, farumasi, biobank, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, guteranya ibyuma, gukora imashini, ibyuma nicyuma, reberi, gukora ibikoresho bishya nubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2021