Intangiriro

Ibinyobwa bihumanya nka azote y'amazi (LN₂), ogisijeni y'amazi (LOX), argon y'amazi (LAr), gaze karemano ishyushye (LNG), na hydrogen y'amazi (LH₂) bigira uruhare runini mu nganda kuva ku ikorwa rya gaze mu nganda no mu ikoranabuhanga rya biotechnology kugeza ku nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, indege, n'ingufu zisukuye.

Ikibazo kimwe gikunze kugaragara muri izi porogaramu zose ni ukugumana ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane mu gihe cyo kwimura. Iyo hatabayeho ubushyuhe buhagije, ubushyuhe buturuka mu bidukikije bwinjira vuba mu buryo bwihuse, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bitakaza agaciro binyuze mu guhumeka no kugabanya imikorere myiza muri rusange.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, inyubako nyinshi zigezweho zikoresha imiyoboro irinda ubushyuhe (VIPs), izwi kandi nka imiyoboro irinda ubushyuhe. Izi sisitemu zagenewe by'umwihariko kugabanya ubushyuhe no kwemeza ko amazi arinda ubushyuhe ashobora koherezwa neza kandi yizewe.

Impamvu Cryogenic Liquid Transfer isaba imiyoboro yihariye

Ibinyobwa bihumanya ikirere bibikwa ku bushyuhe buri munsi cyane y’ikirere:

Kubera ko itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amazi n'ibidukikije rikunze kurenga dogere selisiyusi 200, ubushyuhe buhita bwinjira mu buryo bw'umwimerere mu buryo bwo kohereza. Ndetse n'ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutuma igice cy'amazi gihinduka umwuka.

Ibi bishobora gutuma:

• Ubwiyongere bw'imyuka iva mu mazi (BOG)
• Igihombo ku bicuruzwa
• Ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko
• Imiterere y'urujya n'uruza rw'ibice bibiri
• Kugabanuka k'imikorere myiza
• Ibiciro by'imikorere biri hejuru

Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho bisaba ko amazi atangwa neza, ni ngombwa ko habaho uburyo bwo gukingira ubushyuhe.

Uburyo imiyoboro ikoresha amashanyarazi ikora

Umuyoboro urinda umwuka ugizwe n'imiyoboro ibiri y'icyuma kitagira umugese.

Umuyoboro w'imbere utwara amazi ashyushye, mu gihe umuyoboro w'inyuma ugakora ikoti ririnda. Hagati y'imiyoboro yombi hari umwanya munini w'ubushyuhe ukora nk'uruzitiro rukora neza rw'ubushyuhe.

Sisitemu nyinshi zikora neza kandi zikoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo gukingira (MLI) mu mwanya w’ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, ubushyuhe na MLI bigabanya cyane uburyo bwose bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, harimo no kohereza, gukwirakwiza umuriro, n’imirasire.

Ugereranyije n'imiyoboro isanzwe ikoreshwa mu gufunga ifuro, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gufunga ifuro igabanya cyane ubushyuhe buva, bigafasha mu kugumana amazi ashyushye mu buryo buhamye mu gihe cyose cyo kuyatwara.

Gutwara LNG hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ifunganye ikoresha amashanyarazi

Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe (LNG) ikunze kubikwa no gutwarwa kuri -162°C. Kubungabunga ubu bushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya imyuka ishongeshwa no kwemeza ko imikorere yayo ikora neza.

Mu bigo bya LNG, imiyoboro ikoresha ibyuma bifunga ikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe kuri:

• Imiyoboro y'ikigega cyo kubikamo ibintu
• Sisitemu zo gupakira amakamyo
• Ibigo byo mu mazi biri mu buvumo
• Imiterere ya LNG
• Ibikoresho byo kuvugurura gazi

Mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinjira, imiyoboro irinda ubushyuhe ifasha LNG kugumana imiterere yayo y'amazi mu gihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura no gukwirakwiza. Kugabanuka kw'umuvuduko wo gutemba no gutuma imikorere myiza irushaho kuba myiza kandi bigagabanya igihombo cy'umusaruro.

Uburyo bwo kohereza Hydrogen mu mazi

Hydrogen y'amazi ni imwe mu mazi agoye cyane mu kuyakoresha bitewe n'uko abira cyane ku rugero rwo hasi cyane rwa -253°C.

Porogaramu zirimo:

• Ibimera bikoresha hydrogen liquefaction
• Ibikoresho byo gutangiza indege
• Sitasiyo zitanga lisansi ya hydrogène
• Laboratwari z'ubushakashatsi
• Imishinga y'ibikorwaremezo bya hydrogen ihumanya ikirere

Kubera ko molekile za hydrogen ari nto cyane kandi zigenda cyane, kubungabunga imikorere y’ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gufunga ikoreshwa mu byuma bisukura ifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe buva kandi ikagabanya umwuka uturuka mu kirere, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza cyane mu buryo bwo kohereza hydrogen mu mazi.

Imiterere igezweho ikunze kuba irimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiterere yihariye yo gushyigikira, n'urugero rw'ubushyuhe bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hagerwe ku musaruro ukenewe w'ubushyuhe.

Uburyo bwo kohereza azote y'amazi

Azote y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi, harimo:

• Gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor
• Ikoranabuhanga rya Biotechnology n'ubumenyi bw'ubuzima
• Gukora imiti
• Gutunganya no gukonjesha ibiryo
• Gukwirakwiza gaze mu nganda

Muri izi nyubako, imiyoboro ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritangiza amashanyarazi itwara LN₂ iva mu bigega by’ububiko bwinshi ikayijyana mu bikoresho no mu duce twose two gutunganya ibikoresho.

Gukoresha sisitemu za VIP bifasha:

• Komeza gutanga amazi neza kandi mu buryo buhamye
• Gabanya ikoreshwa rya azote
• Kunoza uburyo ibintu bihora bihagaze
• Ibiciro byo gukora biri hasi
• Gabanya ibisabwa mu gukora urubura no kubungabunga

Ku bikoresho binini bya semiconductor, imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bifunga ikunze kugera kuri metero amagana kugira ngo ikomeze gutanga azote y’amazi isukuye cyane.

Ibice bigize sisitemu yuzuye yo kohereza amakuru ajyanye na Cryogenic

Umuyoboro wo kohereza amazi ukoresha uburyo bwa cryogenic ukubiyemo ibirenze gusa imiyoboro irinda ubushyuhe. Bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa, sisitemu ishobora kandi kuba irimo:

• Vali zishyushya ibyuma bivamo umwuka
• Imiyoboro yoroshye ikoreshwa mu byuma bifunga umwuka
• Ibitandukanya ibice
• Ibikoresho byo kugenzura umuvuduko
• Ingomero zo kwagura
• Ibikoresho byo kugenzura imashini ikoresha umwuka uvamo umwuka
• Sisitemu zo kubungabunga ibyuma bikoresha umwuka udasanzwe

Ibi bice bikorana kugira ngo bikore neza, bigire imiterere ihamye y'amazi, kandi bigire icyizere cy'igihe kirekire.

Ibyiza by'imiyoboro ikoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bisukura umwuka yabaye igisubizo gikunzwe cyane mu kohereza amazi ashyushye kuko itanga inyungu nyinshi z'ingenzi:

Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe buva

Ahantu ho gusohora umwuka hatanga ubushyuhe bwiza, bigabanya uburyo ubushyuhe buva mu bidukikije.

Igihombo gito ku bicuruzwa

Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bivuze ko umwuka ugabanuka kandi ko umuvuduko wo kubira ugabanuka.

Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere

Kubungabunga ibinyobwa bihumanya mu buryo bumwe bifasha mu kwemeza ko umuvuduko n'amazi bigenda neza.

Kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu neza

Igihombo gito cy'ibicuruzwa gituma ikiguzi cy'imikorere kigabanuka kandi bigatuma imikorere myiza ya sisitemu irushaho kuba myiza.

Kwizerwa mu gihe kirekire

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bisukura ikoresheje umwuka ikora neza itanga imikorere ihamye y'ubushyuhe mu myaka myinshi ikoreshwa.

Umwanzuro

Gutwara amazi ashyushye mu buryo bwizewe kandi bunoze biterwa no kugabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cyose cyo kuyatwara. Byaba ari ugukoresha LNG, azote y'amazi, ogisijeni y'amazi, cyangwa hydrogen y'amazi, kubungabunga ubushyuhe buke ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa no kugabanya igihombo mu mikorere.

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya imaze kuba iy’ingenzi mu nganda kuko itanga imikorere myiza y’ubushyuhe, igabanuka ry’ingufu, irushaho kunoza imikorere, kandi ikora neza igihe kirekire. Uko icyifuzo cy’ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya gikomeza kwiyongera mu nzego z’ingufu, imyuka yo mu nganda, ikoranabuhanga rya biotechnology, n’iry’ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ikoranabuhanga ry’imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bishyushya rizakomeza kuba igice cy’ingenzi cy’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bishyushya.