Kwimura LNG neza ntabwo ari ukuvana amazi mu gace ka A ujya mu gace ka B gusa. Ikibazo nyacyo ni ukugenzura kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kwimura. Ndetse n'ubushyuhe buke bushobora gutanga umwuka utemba, bigatuma amazi atemba nabi, no kugabanya imikorere myiza ya sisitemu muri rusange.

At HL Cryogenics, dushushanya sisitemu zo kohereza ibintu mu buryo bushyushye bw’umwuka zibanda ku bushyuhe burambye, ubushyuhe buke buva, no gutanga amazi mu buryo bwizewe mu cyiciro kimwe. Sisitemu zacu zihuza uburyo bwo kohereza amazi mu buryo bukoresha umwuka ushyushye, zikibanda ku bushyuhe burambye, ubushyuhe buke buva, no gutanga amazi mu buryo bwizewe mu cyiciro kimwe. Sisitemu zacu zihuzaumuyoboro ushyushya ukoresheje icyuma gifunga umwuka, umuyoboro woroshyeguteranya, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gucunga icyiciro kugira ngo bifashe mu ihererekanya rihamye rya LNG mu nganda no mu mazi.

Impamvu Gukingira Umubiri mu Cyuma Gishyuha (Vacuum Insulation) Bifite Ishingiro mu Gutwara LNG

Ibinyobwa bihumanya nka LNG birushaho kwibasirwa n’ubushyuhe. Mu miyoboro isanzwe ishyushya, igihombo cy’ubushyuhe kigenda cyiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita uko ubushobozi bwo gushyushya bugabanuka. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho kwiyongera kw’ibinure, kudahagarara neza k’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi, ndetse no kudakora neza.

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bifunga ibyumaIbi bikemura iki kibazo mu kugabanya uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo kohereza ubushyuhe:

• Gutwara ibintu mu buryo buhamye
• Gukwirakwiza gazi
• Imirasire y'ubushyuhe

Ibyacuumuyoboro ushyushya ukoresheje icyuma gifunga umwukaKandi sisitemu zoroshye zo mu miyoboro zikoresha inkuta ebyiri zifite umwanya munini w’ubusamo, akenshi ziguma munsi ya 1 × 10⁻⁵ mbar. Muri ibi bihe, gukwirakwiza imyuka no kuyikwirakwiza hafi ya byose birakurwaho kuko molekile za gaze zisigaye ziba nke cyane ku buryo zitabasha kohereza ubushyuhe neza.

Kugira ngo bigabanye cyane uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bushingiye ku mirasire, hashyirwaho uburyo bwo gukingira imirasire (MLI) hafi y'umuyoboro w'imbere. Utu duce dutanga urumuri tugabanya cyane uburyo ubushyuhe buturuka hanze bufata imirasire.

Ingaruka ni urwego rw'imikorere y'ubushyuhe rurenze kure ifuro risanzwe cyangwa imiyoboro ishyushya ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga.

Ubusanzwe dukora umuyoboro w’imbere n’ikoti ryo hanze dukoresheje icyuma cya 304L cyangwa 316L kitagira umugese kugira ngo dukomeze gukomera, turwanye ingese, kandi dukore neza mu buryo bwizewe mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije.

Sisitemu yo gupompa ikoresha umwuka ushyushyeku mikorere y'igihe kirekire

Ikibazo kimwe gikunze kugaragara muri sisitemu gakondo zo gusohora umwuka uhindagurika ni ukwangirika buhoro buhoro k’umwuka uva mu kirere uko igihe kigenda gihita. Imyuka iva imbere mu kirere, amazi make asohoka, no kugenda neza k’ubushyuhe bishobora kongera buhoro buhoro umuvuduko w’umwuka uva mu kirere, bigagabanya ubushobozi bwo gushyushya.

Kugira ngo tubikemure,HL Cryogenicsyateje imbereSisitemu yo gupompa ikoresha umwuka ushyushyebyagenewe gutuma umwuka uhagarara neza igihe kirekire.

Sisitemu ihora cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ivana ahantu hazunguruka hakoreshejwe ipompo zo gusimbuza zikoresha amazi cyangwa ipompo za turbomolecular. Valve idasubiza inyuma ivana ahantu hazunguruka mu gihe cyo guhagarara, mu gihe imashini zipima umwuka zikora neza zigatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko w’umwuka mu gihe nyacyo.

Utwuma tw’imashini zitera umwuka woroshye (adsorber units) natwo dushyirwamo kugira ngo dufate ubushuhe n’ibisigazwa bya hydrocarbon mu mwanya w’imashini ikoresha umwuka.

Kubera ko urwego rw'ubushyuhe rugumaho, imikorere y'ubushyuhe ikomeza kuba myiza mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima bwa sisitemu aho kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Mu gihe gisanzwe cy'imikorere, annulus ishobora kuguma mu rugero rwa 10⁻⁶ mbar ndetse no mu bidukikije bishyushye kandi bikonje.

Ibi bigira uruhare rutaziguye kuri:

• Igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa LNG kiri hasi
• Gutanga amazi neza kurushaho
• Inshuro zo kubungabunga zagabanutse
• Kongera imikorere myiza mu buzima

Gukomeza Gutembera neza kwa LNG mu cyiciro kimwe

Guhindura LNG mu buryo buhamye ntibiterwa gusa n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe, ahubwo binaterwa no gucunga neza icyiciro.

Ibyacuvalve zishyushya ubushyuhebyagenewe kubungabunga ubushyuhe bukabije mu murongo wose w’ihererekanya ry’ibintu, mu gihe bigabanya ubushyuhe buva ahantu hakomeye ho kugenzura. Imiterere ya bonnet yagutse ituma ibiti bipakira kure y’ahantu hakonje, bigafasha mu gukumira ishishwa ry’urubura no kunoza imikorere.

Kugira ngo ucunge imyuka ikomoka ku ifuru ikorwa mu gihe cyo kohereza,ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ibice bishyushya ibyuma bivamo umwukazishyirwa hejuru y'ipompo cyangwa sisitemu zo kwakira. Izi mashini zitandukanya zikura umwuka mu mazi mbere yuko ugera ku bikoresho byoroshye biri munsi y'amazi.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'itandukanya gikunze kuba kirimo:

• Uburyo bwo kwinjira mu buryo bwa Tangential bwo gutandukanya centrifugal
• Imiterere yo kubungabunga urwego rw'imbere
• Ubwishingizi bw'umwuka uva mu cyuma bubungabungwa neza

Ibi bifasha mu gukumira gushonga kw'umwuka w'ubushyuhe kandi bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gucika kw'ipompe.

Ibigega bitokuri sisitemu nto za LNG na Mobile

Ku masitasiyo ya LNG agendanwa, sisitemu zo gusiganwa ku maguru, cyangwa porogaramu nto zo kohereza amafaranga,Ikigega gitouruhererekane rutanga ububiko bw'ibikoresho bito bifunganye bifite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya litiro 100 na 3.000.

Umwanya w'imbere ushyigikiwe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bifasha mu mikorere y'ubushyuhe buke kandi bihuzwa n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kubungabunga ibyuma bivamo umwuka. Ibi bigega bishobora gukora nk'ububiko bw'ibikoresho hagati y'ibinyabiziga bitwara LNG n'ibinyabiziga bitanga amazi byo hasi.

Mu gihe cy'imikorere idahinduka, igipimo cyo kwishyiramo ingufu gishobora kugezwa munsi ya 0.1 bar ku isaha.

Imikorere isanzwe yo kohereza LNG

Sisitemu isanzwe yo kohereza LNG yakozwe na HL Cryogenics ishobora gukora muri ibi bikurikira:

• Igitutu cy'akazi kuva kuri bar 6 kugeza kuri 20
• Umuvuduko w'amazi ugera kuri 8 m/s
• Agaciro k'ubushyuhe buvamo kari hasi cyane nka 0.25 W/m

Mu guhuza ibintu bikomeyeumuyoboro ushyushya ukoresheje icyuma gifunga umwukahamwe n'ibice byoroshye byo kwagura cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupakira, imikorere myiza muri rusange ya sisitemu ishobora kunozwa cyane.

Mu bikorwa byinshi bya LNG, ibi bivuze ko igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'amashanyarazi kiri munsi ya 0.05% kuri metero 100 z'umurongo wo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu isaha, bigafasha mu kunoza imikorere no kunoza ubukungu.

Ibyacuumuyoboro woroshye woroshye ushyushya ukoresheje icyuma gifunga umwukaikoreshwa ry'amateraniro:

• Imbere mu cyuma kitagira umugese gifite 316L
• Imiterere y'ubudodo bwo hanze bukomejwe
• Inyubako ya MLI-anulus ipfunyitse mu cyuma gifunganye

Ibi bituma umuyoboro ukomeza kugumana ubuziranenge bw'umwuka mu gihe cyo gukonja no gushyuha kenshi.

Urugero rw'umushinga: Ikigo cya LNG muri Vietnam

HL Cryogenicsiherutse gutanga sisitemu yo kohereza indege ya metero 350 ikoresha amashanyarazi aturuka mu kirere (cryogenic transfer system) mu mushinga w’aho indege ya LNG iherereye muri Vietnam.

Iyi sisitemu yagenewe kwimura 200 m³/h ya LNG iva mu bigega byo kubikamo ikajya mu mwobo wo gupakira imizigo kuri bar 10 mu gihe ihuye n’imbogamizi zikomeye zo kugabanya umuvuduko.

Imiterere ya nyuma yari irimo:

• Umuyoboro ukomeye urinda ubushyuhe mu cyuma gishyushyaku bice birebire bigororotse
• Umuyoboro w'umwuka ushyushye kandi ukoresha amashanyaraziku miyoboro y'amazi ya articulated
• IbiriSisitemu zo gupompa umwuka uhindagurikagukomeza umuvuduko wa mbar annulus wa 5 × 10⁻⁶

Mu gihe cyo gutangira gukoresha, ubushyuhe bwapimwe bwahagaze ku gipimo cya 0.28 W/m. Ugereranyije n'umuyoboro wa kera wa polyurethane, kubira byagabanutseho hafi 80%.

Gushyirahoagace gatandukanya ibice bishyushya ibyuma bivamo umwukakandi byakuyeho ibibazo byo guhagarara kw'imashini zikoresha pompe byahoraga bitera ihungabana ry'imikorere.

Muri iki gihe, iyi sisitemu ikora igenzura rihoraho ry’ingufu zikomoka ku binyabiziga no gukoresha imashini zitanga umuvuduko wo gutwara amazi mu gihe cyagenwe kugira ngo ikomeze gukora neza mu nkombe z’inyanja zishyushye kandi zikonje zo muri Vietnam.

Byagenewe kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga

Sisitemu zacu zo kohereza amakuru adafite ubushyuhe zakozwe hakurikijwe amahame mpuzamahanga akomeye, harimo:

• ASME B31.3
• EN 13480
• ISO 21013
• BS 6364 yo gupima valve zikoresha amazi

Ibi bikwemereraHL Cryogenicsibikoresho byo gushyigikira imishinga hirya no hino:

• Ibibuga bya LNG mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya
• Sisitemu za gaze zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba
• Inganda zikora gaze mu Burayi
• Imishinga y'ibikorwaremezo bya hydrogen y'amazi iri kuzamuka mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati

Nanone duhindura amahame ya flange, imiyoboro ya bayonet, n'imiterere y'ikoti ryo hanze kugira ngo bihuze n'amategeko y'akarere n'imiterere y'imikorere yihariye y'umushinga.

Inkunga y'Ubwubatsi ku Mishinga yo Kohereza LNG

Waba uri kubaka ikigo gishya cya LNG bunkering cyangwa uvugurura umuyoboro usanzwe wo kohereza amazi ashyushye, insulation ihamye y’amashanyarazi ishobora kongera imikorere myiza y’ubushyuhe ndetse no kuba wizewe mu mikorere.

HL Cryogenicsitanga ubufasha buhuriweho mu by'ubwubatsi:

• Sisitemu z'imiyoboro ishyushya ikoresheje icyuma gikonjesha
• Umuyoboro woroshye woroshye ukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Cryogenic
• Vali zishyushya ibyuma bivamo umwuka
• Ibitandukanya ibice
• Ibisubizo bya Mini Tank
• Sisitemu zo gupompa imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushye

Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga rishobora kugufasha mu kubara ubushyuhe buva, gusesengura igipimo cy’umuvuduko, no gushushanya sisitemu yihariye hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye mu mikorere.