Muri sisitemu zo kohereza ibikoresho zikoresha amazi ashyushye, ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura ni kimwe mu bice by'ikigereranyo. Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho ibikoresho bigufi kandi byoroshye, gukingira ibikoresho bisanzwe bishobora kuba igisubizo gifatika. Ariko, mu mikorere y'inganda ihoraho, cyane cyane kuri LNG, azote y'amazi, argon, cyangwa hydrogen, igihombo mu mikorere no kubungabunga ibikoresho akenshi biba ingenzi kuruta ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'umwimerere.

Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo mu murima twabonye mu myaka yashize, sisitemu zirinda ubushyuhe muri rusange zigarura ishoramari ryinshi ryakozwe mbere mu gihe cy’imyaka 1.5 kugeza kuri 2, bitewe n’imiterere y’imikorere, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa, n’uburebure bw’imiyoboro.

Impamvu imikorere isanzwe yo gukingira imyuka ihinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukingira ubushyuhe nk'ifuro rya polyurethane, ikirahure cy'ingirabuzimafatizo, cyangwa perlite bishobora gutanga imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe iyo bishya. Ubushyuhe busanzwe bukunze kuba hagati ya 0.015–0.030 W/m·K mu bihe byiza.

Ikibazo ni uko sisitemu zikora nk'izidakora neza mu gihe kirekire.

Mu bidukikije bifite ubushuhe, biragoye kwirinda kwinjiramo ubushuhe burundu. Perlite ishobora guturika uko igihe kigenda gihita, kandi ubushyuhe bushobora kwangirika bitewe no gusaza, gukandamizwa, cyangwa kwangirika kwa mashini mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha no kuyibungabunga. Mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, imikorere y'ubushyuhe iragabanuka cyane nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ikoreshwa.

Ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'amazi ya azote cyangwa LNG, ndetse n'ubwiyongere buke bw'ubushyuhe bushobora kongera cyane umusaruro w'umwuka. Mu gihe cy'intera ndende yo kohereza, ibi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku gihombo cy'umusaruro ndetse no ku mikorere myiza ya sisitemu.

Gusana ni ikindi kintu rimwe na rimwe kidafatwa nk'aho gisuzugurwa mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko. Iyo ubushyuhe bumaze kuzura cyangwa kwangirika, imirimo yo gusana akenshi iba isaba imbaraga nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo hashyizwemo ibikoresho byo hanze cyangwa imiyoboro y'amazi mu nyubako zikoreramo.

Ibyiza ku bushyuhe bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira umwuka mu buryo bw'umwuka (vacuum proof)

Imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu byuma bifunga ibyumaikora ku buryo butandukanye. Mu kwimura umwanya w’ingufu ukagera ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ubushyuhe, gukwirakwiza imyuka no gukwirakwiza umwuka bigabanuka bikagera ku rugero rwo hasi cyane. Imirasire iba uburyo bw’ibanze bwo kohereza ubushyuhe busigaye, bugabanuka binyuze mu gushushanya insulation y’ibice byinshi.

Mu gihe cy’ikirere gihindagurika, ubushyuhe bushobora kuguma hagati ya 0.0005–0.002 W/m·K, bitewe n’imiterere ya sisitemu n’ubushyuhe bw’imikorere.

Mu by’ukuri, uku kugabanuka k’ubushyuhe buva bishobora kugira ingaruka zifatika ku gihombo cyo gutemba. Urugero, mu ikoreshwa rimwe rya gaze mu nganda rijyanye no kohereza argon y’amazi, gutemba byagabanutse cyane nyuma yo gusimbuza imiyoboro isanzwe ishyushya hakoreshejwe sisitemu ishyushya ivamo umwuka. Ukuzigama nyako biterwa n’umuvuduko w’amazi, imikorere y’amazi, n’intera yo kwimura amazi.

Gutuza igihe kirekire mu buryo bworoshye ni ingenzi

Ingingo imwe y'ingenzi ikunze kwirengagizwa ni uko ubwiza bw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa vacuum bugomba kuguma buhamye uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Sisitemu zikoresha umwuka uhindagurika zishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe no kubura umwuka, kwinjira mu cyuma gifunga, cyangwa kugabanuka k'amazi mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi. Ingaruka akenshi ziba buhoro, ariko mu gihe kirekire zikoreshwa neza ziba zifite akamaro.

Kugira ngo tubikemure, sisitemu yacu ishobora gushyirwamoSisitemu yo gupompa ikoresha umwuka ushyushye, ikuraho buri gihe imyuka idakonjesha mu mwanya w’umwuka kandi igafasha mu kubungabunga imikorere y’umwuka mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa.

Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bikorwaremezo binini bya LNG, ibikoresho bya semiconductor, n'ikoreshwa ryabyo hamwe n'imikorere ihoraho aho ubushyuhe burambye ari ingenzi cyane.

Mu kigo kimwe cyo muri Aziya cya semiconductor, urwego rw'ingufu rwagumye munsi ya 5 × 10⁻⁵ mbar nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ikora hamwe no kubungabunga ingufu rimwe na rimwe. Mu gihe cy'imirimo nk'iyo, sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zisanzwe zo gusohora ingufu zishobora gusaba kongera gukurwa mu ruganda.

Ibice birenga umuyoboro ubwawo

Imikorere ya sisitemu yo kohereza amazi ikoresheje cryogenic ntabwo igenwa gusa n'igice cy'umuyoboro ugororotse.

Valve, imiyoboro yoroshye, ibice bitandukanya ibice, n'ibindi bice nabyo bishobora kuba isoko ikomeye y'ubushyuhe iyo bidashyizwemo ubushyuhe neza.

Urugero, amashami asanzwe y’imitsi akoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kurema ibiraro by’ubushyuhe biri ahantu runaka.Valve ifite ikoti ry'umwukaImiterere ifasha kugabanya iyi ngaruka cyane no kunoza imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe muri rusange.

Ibitandukanya ibiceNanone ni ingenzi mu ikoreshwa aho ibyuka bigira ingaruka ku buryo ibikoresho biguma mu buryo burambye. Muri sisitemu za hydrogen na LNG, kubungabunga uburyo amazi atangwa mu buryo buhamye bishobora gufasha kugabanya ihindagurika ry’imikorere no kongera igihe cyo kubungabunga ibice by’ingenzi.

Mu buryo bwa gaze bukwirakwizwa mu nganda, imiyoboro yoroshye irinda ubushyuhe ivanze n'imitoibigega byo kubikamo ibintu bishyushye mu buryo bw'umwukabishobora kandi koroshya ishyirwaho ugereranije n'imiterere y'imiyoboro ikomeye cyane, cyane cyane aho umwanya utari mwinshi cyangwa uburyo ibikoresho bigenda.

Urugero rw'ishyirwaho rya LNG itose

Umushinga wo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya wajyanye n'imiyoboro ya LNG yashyizwe hafi y'aho amakamyo apakiramo imizigo mu nkengero z'inyanja zirangwa n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Sisitemu ya mbere yakoreshaga imiyoboro ifuro.

Uko igihe cyagiye gihita, ubushuhe bwinshi bwagiye butera kwangirika kw'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi ndetse no kongera imirimo yo kubungabunga. Nk'uko umukozi abivuga, gusimbuza ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi n'imirimo ijyanye nabyo byagize ikiguzi kinini gihoraho mu gihe cy'imikorere y'uruganda.

Nyuma y’aho sisitemu yavuguruwe ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ndetse n’imiyoboro ikoresha umwuka ushyushye ikoresheje umwuka ihujwe na sisitemu yo kubungabunga umwuka ushyushye.

Nyuma yo kuvugururwa, ibisabwa mu kubungabunga ibijyanye no gushyushya insinga byagabanutse cyane, kandi gukomeza gukora byararushijeho kuba byiza. Nubwo sisitemu yo gushyushya insinga yasabaga ishoramari ryinshi ry’ibanze, umukoresha yavuze ko ikiguzi cy’igihe kirekire cyo gukora no kubungabunga cyari gito cyane mu gihe cyari giteganyijwe cyo gutanga serivisi.

Gusuzuma ikiguzi cyose aho gusuzuma igiciro cyo kugura gusa

Ku matsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko, gusuzuma ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho byo ku munsi wa mbere gusa rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutanga ishusho ituzuye y'ubukungu muri rusange bw'imikorere.

Mu bikorwa byinshi bihoraho byo gushyushya, ubushyuhe buvanze mu myaka myinshi bukoreshwa bugira ingaruka ku ngufu n'ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa. Itandukaniro rirushaho kugaragara uko intera yo kwimura n'amasaha yo gukora byiyongera.

Sisitemu zacu zakozwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa na ASME B31.3 na EN 13458.Umuyoboro ushyushya ukoresheje icyuma gikonjeshaIbice biboneka mu byuma bita 304 na 316L, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kwagura ibikoresho byagenewe gushyuha inshuro nyinshi.Umuyoboro woroshyeAmateraniro ashobora kandi gushyirwaho kugira ngo akoreshwe mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi bitewe n'ibisabwa n'umushinga.

Imikorere nyayo n'inyungu ku ishoramari bizatandukana bitewe n'umushinga, niyo mpamvu isesengura ry'ubushyuhe rikwiye gushingira ku mikorere nyayo aho gushingira ku bitekerezo byoroshye.

Igihe ubushyuhe busanzwe bushobora kuba bukwiriye

Gukingira ibyuma bisanzwe biracyari amahitamo meza mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Ku miyoboro migufi cyane, ishyirwaho ry'agateganyo, cyangwa ikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe kandi ikoreshwa buhoro buri mwaka, ikiguzi cy'inyongera cyo gukingira ibyuma bishobora kutajya giterwa n'amafaranga menshi.

Ariko, ku bikorwa remezo bihoraho bifite serivisi ihoraho cyangwa ikora cyane, sisitemu zirinda ubushyuhe mu buryo bw'umwuka akenshi zigira akamaro cyane iyo zipimwe mu gihe cyose cy'imikorere yazo.